centos7.9离线安装mysql5.7.42（本文使用initialize安装方法）
一、卸载CentOS7系统自带mariadb
# 查看系统自带的Mariadb
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
# 卸载系统自带的Mariadb
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
# 删除etc目录下的my.cnf 如没有，可省略此步骤
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
二、检查mysql是否存在
# 检查mysql是否存在
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]#
三、查看用户和组是否存在
1）检查mysql组合用户是否存在
# 检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无则创建
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
# 查询全部用户（只是做记录，没必要执行）
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cat /etc/passwd|grep -v nologin|grep -v halt|grep -v shutdown|awk -F ":" '{print $1 "|" $3 "1" $4}' | more
root|010
sync|510
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]#
2）若不存在，则创建mysql组和用户
# 创建mysql用户组
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# groupadd mysql
# 创建一个用户名为mysql的用户，并加入mysql用户组
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
# 制定password 为111111
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
四、下载mysql离线安装包tar文件
官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
MySQL Community Server 5.7.42
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
版本选择，可以选择一下两种方式：
1）使用Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Select Version:5.7.42
Select Operating System:Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux
Select OS Version:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)
列表中下载：
Compressed TAR Archive 5.7.42 711.3M
Download
(mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz) MD5: 0e4467e47da05b5f7a0713b45a38a82a
2）使用Linux - Generic
Select Version:5.7.42
Select Operating System:Linux - Generic
Select OS Version:Linux - Generic (glibc 2.12) (x86, 64-bit)
列表中下载：
Compressed TAR Archive 5.7.42 646.8M
Download
(mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz) MD5: c00530249e4bf6899d1fbf6d3fed4897
注意：上边两种方式找mysql离线安装包的方式都可以。本文选择的是第一种压缩包
五、上传第四步下载的mysql TAR包
# 进入/usr/local/文件夹
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cd /usr/local/
# 上传mysql TAR包到/usr/local/下面
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# ls
bin full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS include lib64 mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz share
etc games lib libexec sbin src
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/bin/myisamlog
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/bin/myisampack
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/bin/mysql
...
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/support-files/magic
mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# ls
bin full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS include lib64 mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64 share
etc games lib libexec mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz sbin src
# 进入/usr/local下，修改为mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# mv mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64 mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# ls
bin etc full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS games include lib lib64 libexec mysql mysql-5.7.42-el7-x86_64.tar.gz sbin share src
六、更改所属的组和用户
# 更改所属的组和用户
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# chown -R mysql mysql/
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# cd mysql/
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
七、在/etc下创建my.cnf文件
# 进入/usr/local/mysql文件夹下
[root@NIWAY-190 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
# 创建my.cnf文件
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# touch my.cnf #或者cd ''>my.cnf
# 编辑my.cnf
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# vi my.cnf
[mysql]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql client default chararter
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql server port
port=3306 #默认是3306，这里发现3306已经被占用，因此防止这种情况发生，可以避免使用3306mysql默认端口
# set mysql install base dir
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# set the data store dir
#设置 mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# set the number of allow max connnection
#允许最大连接数
max_connections=500
# set server charactre default encoding
character-set-server=utf8
# the storage engine
#创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]#
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql my.cnf
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# chmod 644 my.cnf
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# cd /var/lib/
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
八、进入mysql文件夹，并安装mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf
在文件最后面增加两行( PS:大于50000即可)
* hard nofile 65535
* soft nofile 65535
保存退出，重启服务器
这样就不会报以下两条错误
2023-01-09T04:49:35.679438Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2023-01-09T04:49:35.679461Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
# 进入mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
# 安装mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
2023-07-19T06:58:44.227868Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2023-07-19T06:58:45.611325Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2023-07-19T06:58:45.823016Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2023-07-19T06:58:45.897265Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b46da843-2601-11ee-bc4c-005056a31d81.
2023-07-19T06:58:45.900982Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2023-07-19T06:58:46.983476Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2023-07-19T06:58:46.983534Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2023-07-19T06:58:46.985279Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2023-07-19T06:58:47.768445Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ta7kRAjoGN=_
注意ta7kRAjoGN=_为MYSQL的临时密码，下面登陆MYSQL的时候需要这个密码
九、设置开机启动
#设置开机启动
#创建systemctl 的对mysql服务的配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
#下面为mysql.service文件内容
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Needed to create system tables
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
#注意这里要加上 --daemonize
# Use this to switch malloc implementation
#EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 5000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
#上面为mysql.service文件内容
#重新加载开机服务
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
#配置开机启动
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# systemctl enable mysql
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
#启动mysql服务
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# systemctl start mysql
#查看是否启动成功
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# systemctl status mysql
十、修改配置文件
# 进入/etc/profile文件夹
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# vi /etc/profile
修改/etc/profile，在最后添加如下内容
# 修改/etc/profile文件
#设置mysql的全局环境，这样直接输入mysql就行set mysql environment
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 使文件生效
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# source /etc/profile
十一、修改mysql登陆密码
1）修改密码
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #第八步骤安装的自动生成的临时密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.42
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
2）验证新密码是否登录成功：
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #此处输入新密码‘123456’
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show tables;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
十二、添加远程访问权限
# 添加远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
#查看表情况
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host | user |
+-----------+---------------+
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#更新成远程可以登陆
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
#再次查看字段是否已经修改
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host | user |
+-----------+---------------+
| % | root |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
十三、重启mysql生效
# 重启mysql
[root@NIWAY-190 mysql]# systemctl restart mysql