oracle数据库坏块恢复—存在rman备份

文档课题：oracle数据库坏块恢复—存在rman备份.
数据库：oracle 19.12 多租户
1、坏块查询
SQL> set numw 20
SQL> set line 200
SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption

               FILE#               BLOCK#               BLOCKS   CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO               CON_ID
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------------------
                  12                  659                    1 18446744072549497550 CORRUPT                      3
                  12                 1003                    1 18446744072549497550 CORRUPT                      3
2、校验文件
使用backup validate datafile校验数据文件12.
RMAN> backup validate datafile 12;

Starting backup at 15-JAN-23
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=28 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00012 name=+DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/DATAFILE/users.279.1082994667
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
12   FAILED 0              763          3040            19014535  
  File Name: +DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/DATAFILE/users.279.1082994667
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              1427            
  Index      0              85              
  Other      2              765             

validate found one or more corrupt blocks
See trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orclcdb/orclcdb/trace/orclcdb_ora_13324.trc for details
Finished backup at 15-JAN-23

RMAN> list failure;

Database Role: PRIMARY

List of Database Failures
=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
2182       HIGH     OPEN      14-JAN-23     Datafile 12: '+DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/DATAFILE/users.279.1082994667' contains one or more corrupt blocks

RMAN> advise failure;

Database Role: PRIMARY

List of Database Failures
=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
2182       HIGH     OPEN      14-JAN-23     Datafile 12: '+DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/DATAFILE/users.279.1082994667' contains one or more corrupt blocks

analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
using channel ORA_DISK_1
analyzing automatic repair options complete

Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available

Optional Manual Actions
=======================
no manual actions available

Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1      Recover multiple corrupt blocks in datafile 12  
  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orclcdb/orclcdb/hm/reco_4023960909.hm
3、恢复损坏块
使用rman备份对坏块进行恢复.
RMAN> recover datafile 12 block 659,1003;

Starting recover at 15-JAN-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00012
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/BACKUPSET/2023_01_14/nnndf0_tag20230114t180326_0.313.1126116417
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/ORCLCDB/CBB47E352F7AAEA7E0537885A8C03007/BACKUPSET/2023_01_14/nnndf0_tag20230114t180326_0.313.1126116417 tag=TAG20230114T180326
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished recover at 15-JAN-23
4、验证数据
SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;

no rows selected

SQL> select count(*) from ora1.emp;

            COUNT(*)
--------------------
                 140