MySQL二进制日志（Binary Log）
a、它包含的内容及作用如下：
包含了所有更新了数据或者已经潜在更新了数据(比如没有匹配任何行的一个DELETE)
包含关于每个更新数据库(DML)的语句的执行时间信息
不包含没有修改任何数据的语句，如果需要启用该选项，需要开启通用日志功能
主要目的是尽可能的将数据库恢复到数据库故障点，因为二进制日志包含备份后进行的所有更新
用于在主复制服务器上记录所有将发送给从服务器的语句
启用该选项数据库性能降低1%，但保障数据库完整性，对于重要数据库值得以性能换完整。有些类似于Oracle开启归档模式。
b、开启二进制日志的方法及属性
使用--log-bin[=file_name]选项或在配置文件中指定log-bin启动时，mysqld写入包含所有更新数据的SQL命令的日志文件。
对于未给出file_name值，默认名为-bin后面所跟的主机名。
在未指定绝对路径的情形下，缺省位置保存在数据目录下。
每个二进制日志名会添加一个数字扩展名用于日志老化，因此不支持自定义的扩展名，会被mysql数字扩展名动态替换。
若当前的日志大小达到max_binlog_size，则自动创建新的二进制日志。
对于大的事务，二进制日志会超过max_binlog_size设定的值。也即是事务仅仅写入一个二进制日志。
由是可知，二进制日志文件大小接近，其size不是完全相等，这点不同于oracle。
二进制日志文件会有一个对应二进制日志索引文件，该文件包含所有的二进制日志，其文件名与二进制日志相同，扩展名为.index
二进制索引文件通过--log-bin-index[=file_name]选项来指定
RESETMASTER语句将删除所有二进制日志文件，这将影响到从库。也可以用PURGE MASTER LOGS只删除部分二进制文件。
开启如下：
#=号后面的可以随意指定，也可以不指定
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog/master-bin.log
log-bin-index=/var/lib/mysql/binlog/master-bin.index
二进制日志记录了所有对数据库执行更改的操作，二进制主要有以下两种作用：
1、恢复（recovery）2、复制（replication）
二进制日志的启动：配置参数log-bin[=name]，如果不指定name，则默认二进制日志文件名为主机名，后缀名为二级制日志的序列号，所在路径为数据库所在目录。
以index为后缀的文件为二进制日志的索引文件，用来存储过程生产的二进制日志。
和二进制日志相关的参数：
max_binlog_size、binlog_cache_size、sync_binlog、binlog-do-db、binlog-ignore-db、log-slave-update、binlog_format
1、max_binlog_size，该参数指定了单个二进制日志文件的最大值，如果超过该值，则产生新的二进制日志文件，后缀名+1，并记录到.index文件，从Mysql5.0开始的默认值为1073741824，代表1G。
Mysql5.5的默认值
1. mysql> show variables like '%max_binlog%';
2. +----------------------------+----------------------+
3. | Variable_name | Value |
4. +----------------------------+----------------------+
5. | max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
6. | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 |
7. | max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
8. +----------------------------+----------------------+
9. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
当使用事务的存储引擎InnoDB时，所有未提交的事务会记录到一个缓存中，等待事务提交时，直接将缓冲中的二进制日志写入二进制日志文件，而该缓冲的大小由binlog_cache_size决定，默认大小为32KB，此外，binlog_cache_size是基于session的，也就是，当一个线程开始一个事务时，mysql会自动分配一个大小为binlog_cache_size的缓存，因此该值得设置需要相当小心，可以通过show global status 查看binlog_cache_use、binlog_cache_disk_use的状态，可以判断当前binlog_cache_size的设置是否合适。
2、Binlog_cache_size的默认大小为32KB
1. mysql> show variables like 'binlog_cache%';
2. +-------------------+-------+
3. | Variable_name | Value |
4. +-------------------+-------+
5. | binlog_cache_size | 32768 |
6. +-------------------+-------+
7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、参数sync_binlog=[N]表示每写缓存多少次就同步到磁盘，如果将N设置为1，则表示采用同步写磁盘的方式来写二进制日志，该参数很重要，这个以后还会提到。值得注意的是，在将该参数设置为1时，也应该将innodb_support_xa设为1来解决，这可以确保二进制日志和InnoDB存储引擎数据文件的同步。
4、参数binlog-do-db和binlog-ignore-db表示需要写入或者忽略写入哪些库的日志，默认值为空，则表示将所有库的日志同步到二进制日志。
5、Log-slave-updates该参数在搭建master=>slave=>slave的架构时，需要配置。
6、Binlog_format参数也特别重要。从mysql5.1版本开始引入这个参数，该参数可以设置的值有STATEMENT\、ROW、MIXED；
（1）STATEMENT格式和之前的mysql版本一样，二进制日志文件记录的是日志的逻辑SQL语句。
（2）在ROW格式下，二进制日志记录的不再是简单的SQL语句了，而是记录表的行更改情况，此时可以将InnoDB的事务隔离基本设为READ COMMITTED，以获得更好的并发性。
（3）MIXED格式下，mysql默认采用的STATEMENT格式进行二进制日志文件的记录，但是在一些情况下会使用ROW格式，可能的情况包括：
1）表的存储引擎为NDB，这时对于表的DML操作都会以ROW格式记录
2）使用了UUID()、USER()、CURRENT_USER()、FOUND_ROWS()、ROW_COUNT()等不确定函数
3）使用了INSERT DELAY语句
4）使用了用户定义函数
5）使用了临时表
案例分析：
1、 二进制日志存放位置
[root@mysrv ~]# more /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
+---------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------------------+
| datadir | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ |
+---------------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看日志信息：
1. [root@mysrv ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/
2. [root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
3. total 29928
4. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
5. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul 8 15:17 ibdata1
6. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 8 15:17 ib_logfile0
7. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
8. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 124 Jul 8 15:17 master.info
9. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
10. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
11. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
12. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
13. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
14. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
15. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
16. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
17. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
18. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
19. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
20. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000011
21. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 209 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.index
22. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 24920 Jul 8 15:21 mysrv.err
23. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 8 15:17 mysrv.pid
24. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
25. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
26. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
27. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 75 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.index
28. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
29. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
30. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 8 15:20 relay-log.info
31. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 test
1. <strong>mysrv-relay-bin.index，为记录日志文件的index文件</strong>
1. [root@mysrv mysql]# cat mysql-bin.index
2. ./mysql-bin.000001
3. ./mysql-bin.000002
4. ./mysql-bin.000003
5. ./mysql-bin.000004
6. ./mysql-bin.000005
7. ./mysql-bin.000006
8. ./mysql-bin.000007
9. ./mysql-bin.000008
10. ./mysql-bin.000009
11. ./mysql-bin.000010
12. ./mysql-bin.000011
13. ./mysql-bin.000012
14. ./mysql-bin.000013
15. ./mysql-bin.000014
2、二进制日志文件的切换
执行flush logs产生新的二进制日志：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000011 | 114 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
1. [root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
2. total 29936
3. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
4. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul 8 15:17 ibdata1
5. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 8 15:17 ib_logfile0
6. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
7. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 124 Jul 8 15:17 master.info
8. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
9. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
10. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
11. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
12. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
13. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
14. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
15. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
16. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
17. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
18. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
19. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
20. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.000012
21. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 228 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.index
22. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 25322 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv.err
23. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 8 15:17 mysrv.pid
24. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
25. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
26. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
27. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
28. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 100 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.index
29. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
30. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
31. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 8 15:24 relay-log.info
32. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 test
采用mysqladmin切换：
[root@mysrv ~]# mysqladmin flush-logs -u root -p
Enter password:
1. [root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
2. total 29944
3. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
4. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul 8 15:17 ibdata1
5. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 8 15:17 ib_logfile0
6. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
7. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 124 Jul 8 15:17 master.info
8. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
9. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
10. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
11. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
12. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
13. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
14. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
15. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
16. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
17. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
18. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
19. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
20. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.000012
21. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.000013
22. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 247 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.index
23. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 26536 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv.err
24. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 8 15:17 mysrv.pid
25. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
26. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
27. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
28. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
29. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000007
30. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 125 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.index
31. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
32. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
33. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 8 15:34 relay-log.info
34. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 test
1. [root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
2. total 29944
3. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
4. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul 8 15:17 ibdata1
5. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 8 15:17 ib_logfile0
6. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
7. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 124 Jul 8 15:17 master.info
8. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
9. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
10. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
11. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
12. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
13. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
14. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
15. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
16. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
17. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
18. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
19. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
20. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.000012
21. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.000013
22. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 247 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.index
23. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 26536 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv.err
24. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 8 15:17 mysrv.pid
25. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
26. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
27. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
28. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
29. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000007
30. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 125 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.index
31. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
32. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
33. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 8 15:34 relay-log.info
34. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 test
[root@mysrv ~]# mysqladmin refresh -u root -p
Enter password:
1. [root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
2. total 29952
3. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
4. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul 8 15:17 ibdata1
5. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 8 15:17 ib_logfile0
6. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
7. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 124 Jul 8 15:17 master.info
8. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
9. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
10. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
11. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
12. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
13. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
14. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
15. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
16. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
17. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
18. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
19. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
20. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:34 mysql-bin.000012
21. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 157 Jul 8 15:36 mysql-bin.000013
22. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:36 mysql-bin.000014
23. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 266 Jul 8 15:36 mysql-bin.index
24. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 26671 Jul 8 15:35 mysrv.err
25. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 8 15:17 mysrv.pid
26. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
27. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
28. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
29. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
30. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 163 Jul 8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.000007
31. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114 Jul 8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.000008
32. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 150 Jul 8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.index
33. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
34. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
35. -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 8 15:36 relay-log.info
36. drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 30 17:15 test
3、查看和日志相关的参数：
1. mysql> show variables like '%log%';
2. +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
3. | Variable_name | Value |
4. +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
5. | back_log | 50 |
6. | binlog_cache_size | 32768 |
7. | binlog_checksum | NONE |
8. | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF |
9. | binlog_format | MIXED |
10. | binlog_row_image | FULL |
11. | binlog_rows_query_log_events | OFF |
12. | binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 |
13. | expire_logs_days | 0 |
14. | general_log | OFF |
15. | general_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv.log |
16. | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 |
17. | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF |
18. | innodb_log_buffer_size | 8388608 |
19. | innodb_log_file_size | 5242880 |
20. | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 |
21. | innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ |
22. | innodb_mirrored_log_groups | 1 |
23. | innodb_undo_logs | 128 |
24. | log_bin | ON <span style="color:#ff0000;"> ；是否开启二进制日志 </span> |
25. | log_bin_basename | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql-bin |
26. | log_bin_index | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql-bin.index |
27. | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
28. | log_error | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv.err |
29. | log_output | FILE |
30. | log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
31. | log_slave_updates | OFF |
32. | log_warnings | 1 |
33. | max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
34. | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 |
35. | max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
36. | max_relay_log_size | 0 |
37. | relay_log | |
38. | relay_log_basename | |
39. | relay_log_index | |
40. | relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info |
41. | relay_log_info_repository | FILE |
42. | relay_log_purge | ON |
43. | relay_log_recovery | OFF |
44. | relay_log_space_limit | 0 |
45. | slow_query_log | OFF |
46. | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv-slow.log |
47. | sql_log_bin | ON |
48. | sql_log_off | OFF |
49. | sync_binlog | 0 |
50. | sync_relay_log | 0 |
51. | sync_relay_log_info | 0 |
52. +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
53. 47 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql 二进制日志应用案例：
事务操作生成二进制日志：
mysql> use prod;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_prod |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | tom |
| 2 | scott |
| 3 | jerry |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values (4,'rose');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看生成的二进制日志内容：
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
mysql> insert into t1 values (5,'john');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mysrv mysql]# strings mysql-bin.000014
5.6.4-m7-log
prod
prod
BEGIN
prod
prod
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
prod
prod
BEGINw
prod
prod
insert into t1 values (5,'john')w
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 318
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 393 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 393
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 495 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (5,'john')
/*!*/;
# at 495
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 522 Xid = 25
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
[root@mysrv mysql]#
查看生成的二进制日志：
mysql> show binary logs;
1. +------------------+-----------+
2. | Log_name | File_size |
3. +------------------+-----------+
4. | mysql-bin.000001 | 114 |
5. | mysql-bin.000002 | 63438 |
6. | mysql-bin.000003 | 1096670 |
7. | mysql-bin.000004 | 252 |
8. | mysql-bin.000005 | 114 |
9. | mysql-bin.000006 | 133 |
10. | mysql-bin.000007 | 114 |
11. | mysql-bin.000008 | 114 |
12. | mysql-bin.000009 | 157 |
13. | mysql-bin.000010 | 157 |
14. | mysql-bin.000011 | 157 |
15. | mysql-bin.000012 | 157 |
16. | mysql-bin.000013 | 157 |
17. | mysql-bin.000014 | 522 |
18. +------------------+-----------+
19. 14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看日志记录的事件：
1. mysql> show binlog events;
2. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
3. | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
4. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
5. | mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 114 | Server ver: 5.6.4-m7-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
6. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
7. 1 row in set (0.06 sec)
8.
9.
10. mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000014';
11. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
12. | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
13. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
14. | mysql-bin.000014 | 4 | Format_desc | 2 | 114 | Server ver: 5.6.4-m7-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
15. | mysql-bin.000014 | 114 | Query | 2 | 189 | BEGIN |
16. | mysql-bin.000014 | 189 | Query | 2 | 291 | use `prod`; insert into t1 values (4,'rose') |
17. | mysql-bin.000014 | 291 | Xid | 2 | 318 | COMMIT /* xid=23 */ |
18. | mysql-bin.000014 | 318 | Query | 2 | 393 | BEGIN |
19. | mysql-bin.000014 | 393 | Query | 2 | 495 | use `prod`; insert into t1 values (5,'john') |
20. | mysql-bin.000014 | 495 | Xid | 2 | 522 | COMMIT /* xid=25 */ |
21. +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
22. 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
数据恢复案例：
1、模拟数据环境
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | tom |
| 2 | scott |
| 3 | jerry |
| 4 | rose |
| 5 | john |
+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除数据：
mysql> delete from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
利用日志恢复，将日志生成文本文件进行分析：
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014 >/home/mysql/log14.txt
[root@mysrv mysql]# cat log14.txt
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 318
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 393 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 393
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 495 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (5,'john')
/*!*/;
# at 495
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 522 Xid = 25
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 522
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 597 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436342217/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 597 ；；日志记录的操作事件的编号，如果要恢复前面的数据，需要在delete前停止
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 681 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436342217/*!*/;
delete from t1
/*!*/;
# at 681
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 708 Xid = 31
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
[root@mysrv mysql]#
利用二进制日志恢复：
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014 --stop-pos=597 |mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
或者
mysqlbinlog --start-position=362 --stop-position=891 master-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
---在delete操作前停止日志的应用
查看已恢复的数据：
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 4 | rose |
| 5 | john |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
---前面三行数据由于从master同步而来，在slave日志中没有记载，此次不再做恢复操作
---数据恢复成功！