[单片机] crc16算法

什么是CRC校验？
CRC即循环冗余校验码(Cyclic Redundancy Check)：是数据通信领域中最常用的一种查错校验码，其特征是信息字段和校验字段的长度可以任意选定。奇偶校验虽然简单，但是漏检率太高，而CRC则要低的多，所以大多数都是使用CRC来校验。CRC也称为多项式码。

循环冗余检查(CRC)是一种数据传输检错功能，对数据进行多项式计算，并将得到的结果附在帧的后面，接收设备也执行类似的算法，进而可以保证在软件层次上数据传输的正确性和完整性。

#include "crc16.h"
 
 /** CRC table for the CRC-16. The poly is 0x8005 (x^16 + x^15 + x^2 + 1) */
static unsigned short const crc16_table[] = {
  0x0000, 0xC0C1, 0xC181, 0x0140, 0xC301, 0x03C0, 0x0280, 0xC241,
  0xC601, 0x06C0, 0x0780, 0xC741, 0x0500, 0xC5C1, 0xC481, 0x0440,
  0xCC01, 0x0CC0, 0x0D80, 0xCD41, 0x0F00, 0xCFC1, 0xCE81, 0x0E40,
  0x0A00, 0xCAC1, 0xCB81, 0x0B40, 0xC901, 0x09C0, 0x0880, 0xC841,
  0xD801, 0x18C0, 0x1980, 0xD941, 0x1B00, 0xDBC1, 0xDA81, 0x1A40,
  0x1E00, 0xDEC1, 0xDF81, 0x1F40, 0xDD01, 0x1DC0, 0x1C80, 0xDC41,
  0x1400, 0xD4C1, 0xD581, 0x1540, 0xD701, 0x17C0, 0x1680, 0xD641,
  0xD201, 0x12C0, 0x1380, 0xD341, 0x1100, 0xD1C1, 0xD081, 0x1040,
  0xF001, 0x30C0, 0x3180, 0xF141, 0x3300, 0xF3C1, 0xF281, 0x3240,
  0x3600, 0xF6C1, 0xF781, 0x3740, 0xF501, 0x35C0, 0x3480, 0xF441,
  0x3C00, 0xFCC1, 0xFD81, 0x3D40, 0xFF01, 0x3FC0, 0x3E80, 0xFE41,
  0xFA01, 0x3AC0, 0x3B80, 0xFB41, 0x3900, 0xF9C1, 0xF881, 0x3840,
  0x2800, 0xE8C1, 0xE981, 0x2940, 0xEB01, 0x2BC0, 0x2A80, 0xEA41,
  0xEE01, 0x2EC0, 0x2F80, 0xEF41, 0x2D00, 0xEDC1, 0xEC81, 0x2C40,
  0xE401, 0x24C0, 0x2580, 0xE541, 0x2700, 0xE7C1, 0xE681, 0x2640,
  0x2200, 0xE2C1, 0xE381, 0x2340, 0xE101, 0x21C0, 0x2080, 0xE041,
  0xA001, 0x60C0, 0x6180, 0xA141, 0x6300, 0xA3C1, 0xA281, 0x6240,
  0x6600, 0xA6C1, 0xA781, 0x6740, 0xA501, 0x65C0, 0x6480, 0xA441,
  0x6C00, 0xACC1, 0xAD81, 0x6D40, 0xAF01, 0x6FC0, 0x6E80, 0xAE41,
  0xAA01, 0x6AC0, 0x6B80, 0xAB41, 0x6900, 0xA9C1, 0xA881, 0x6840,
  0x7800, 0xB8C1, 0xB981, 0x7940, 0xBB01, 0x7BC0, 0x7A80, 0xBA41,
  0xBE01, 0x7EC0, 0x7F80, 0xBF41, 0x7D00, 0xBDC1, 0xBC81, 0x7C40,
  0xB401, 0x74C0, 0x7580, 0xB541, 0x7700, 0xB7C1, 0xB681, 0x7640,
  0x7200, 0xB2C1, 0xB381, 0x7340, 0xB101, 0x71C0, 0x7080, 0xB041,
  0x5000, 0x90C1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53C0, 0x5280, 0x9241,
  0x9601, 0x56C0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95C1, 0x9481, 0x5440,
  0x9C01, 0x5CC0, 0x5D80, 0x9D41, 0x5F00, 0x9FC1, 0x9E81, 0x5E40,
  0x5A00, 0x9AC1, 0x9B81, 0x5B40, 0x9901, 0x59C0, 0x5880, 0x9841,
  0x8801, 0x48C0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4B00, 0x8BC1, 0x8A81, 0x4A40,
  0x4E00, 0x8EC1, 0x8F81, 0x4F40, 0x8D01, 0x4DC0, 0x4C80, 0x8C41,
  0x4400, 0x84C1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47C0, 0x4680, 0x8641,
  0x8201, 0x42C0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81C1, 0x8081, 0x4040
};

/**
 * crc16 - compute the CRC-16 for the data buffer
 * @crc:  previous CRC value
 * @buffer: data pointer
 * @len:  number of bytes in the buffer
 *
 * Returns the updated CRC value.
 */
 
static unsigned short crc16_byte(unsigned short crc, const unsigned char data)
{
  return (crc >> 8) ^ crc16_table[(crc ^ data) & 0xff];
}
unsigned short crc16(unsigned short crc, unsigned char const *buffer, unsigned int len)
{
  while (len--)
    crc = crc16_byte(crc, *buffer++);
  return crc;
}

/*
 *  crc16.h - CRC-16 routine
 *
 * Implements the standard CRC-16:
 *   Width 16
 *   Poly  0x8005 (x^16 + x^15 + x^2 + 1)
 *   Init  0
 */

#ifndef __CRC16_H
#define __CRC16_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
unsigned short crc16(unsigned short crc, const unsigned char *buffer, unsigned int len);

#endif /* __CRC16_H */

在开始时CRC寄存器的每一位都预置为1，然后把CRC寄存器与8-bit的数据进行异或，之后对CRC寄存器从高到低进行移位，在最高位（MSB）的位置补零，而最低位（LSB移位后已经被移出CRC寄存器）如果为，则把寄存器与预定义的多项式码进行异或，否则如果LSB为零，则无需进行异或。重复上述的由高至低的移位8次，第一个8-bit数据处理完毕，用此时CRC寄存器的值与下一个8-bit数据异或并进行如前一个数据似的8次移位，所有的字符处理完成后CRC寄存器内的值即为最终的CRC值。
CRC校验工具http://www.metools.info/code/c15.html

// -----------------------------------------------------------------
// CRC16计算方法3:使用直接结算的方法
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
WORD CRC16_3(BYTE* pchMsg, WORD wDataLen)
{
BYTE i, chChar;
WORD wCRC = 0xFFFF;

while (wDataLen--)
{
chChar = *pchMsg++;
chChar = ByteInvert(chChar);

wCRC ^= (((WORD) chChar) << 8);

for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (wCRC & 0x8000)
wCRC = (wCRC << 1) ^ CRC_16_POLYNOMIALS;
else
wCRC <<= 1;
}
}

wCRC = WordInvert(wCRC);

return wCRC;
}