string的头文件
#include <string>
string的初始化
1.默认初始化,此时该字符串为空字符串
string s1;
2.s2是s1的副本
string s2(s1)//构造函数
3.等价于s3(s1),则s3是s1的副本
string s3=s1;
4.s4的字面值是"nihao"
string s4("nihao");//构造函数
5.与上行代码是等价的
string s5="nihao"
6.将s6初始化为由连续的n个字符h组成的串
string s6(n,'h');//构造函数
7.调用string的构造函数生成一个临时的string类,再用临时的string类初始化
string s7=string("hello");
string s8(string("hello"));
string的输入
1.cin输入
string s1;
cin>>s1;
cout<<"s1="<<s1<<endl;
缺点:遇到空格便会自动停止,字符串不会记录空格及以后的内容,如下图
这个时候使用getline就不会出现这样的问题。(注意:使用getline一定要导包)
2.getline输入
string s1;
getline(cin, s1);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;
string容器的大小比较和连接
和char型数组不同,string可以直接使用><==符号来进行比较,同样连接也是
string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = " world";
string s3 = s1 + s2;
cout << s3 << endl;
string中字符的获取
1.传统for循环
string s1="hello"
for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++) {
cout << s1[i] << "";
}
2.新特性的for循环
该方法属于c++11的新特性
string s1="hello"
for (auto i:s1) {
cout <<i<< "";
}
3.使用迭代器
迭代器类似于指针
string s1 = "hello";
for (auto i = s1.begin(); i != s1.end(); i++) {
cout << *i << "";
}
string对象的拷贝
1.string s(s1,pos)
string s1="hello world";
string s(s1, 6);
cout << "s=" << s << endl;//world
2.string s(s1,pos,len)
string s1="hello world";
string s(s1, 6, 1);
cout << "s=" << s << endl;//w
3.s.substr ( pos ,n )
string s="hello world";
string s1 = s.substr();
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;
string s2 = s.substr(0,4);
cout << "s2=" << s2 << endl;
string s3 = s.substr(10, 10);
cout << "s3=" << s3 << endl;
string s4 = s.substr(11, 5);
cout << "s4=" << s4 << endl;
string s5 = s.substr(12, 10);//超出长度,会出现异常,程序无法正常运行
cout << "s5=" << s5 << endl;
若删除s5后程序运行结果如下:
插入
1.iterator insert ( iterator pos, CharT ch )
string s1="0123456789";
s1.insert(s1.begin()+5,'a');
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//01234a56789
因为要插入的内容是char型,所以若是想要插入多个字符,可以利用数组
string s1="0123456789";
s1.insert(s1.begin()+5,{'a','b','c'});
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=01234abc56789
2.void insert ( iterator pos, size_type count, CharT ch)
string s1="0123456789";
s1.insert(s1.begin()+5,2,'b');
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=01234bb56789
3.void insert( iterator pos, InputIt first,InputIt last )
注意:这里的字串区间为【first,last)
string s1="0123456789";
s1.insert(s1.begin()+1,s1.begin()+6, s1.begin()+8);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=067123456789
这里需要注意,输出结果是067123456789
删除
erase
1.erase()
直接将字符串删除为空
2.erase(size_type pos, size_type n)
删除字符串从pos下标开始(包括pos下标)的n个字符
string s1="0123456789";
s1.erase(0, 5);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=56789
3.erase(const_iterator first,const_iterator last)
删除迭代器【first, last)区间的字符
string s1="0123456789";
s1.erase(s1.begin()+3, s1.begin() + 5);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=01256789
append(末尾)
append只能在string对象的末尾进行插入操作,通过+运算符也可以达到同样效果
string s1="0123456789";
s1.append("aaa");
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=0123456789aaa
替换
1.replace(size_type pos, size_type n, const char* c)
将字符串从下标pos开始删除n个字符,删除后在下标pos处插入c
const char* ch2 = "abcd";
string s1="0123456789";
s1.replace(1, 4, ch2);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=0abcd56789
2.replace(size_type pos1, size_type n1, const char* c, size_type n2)
将字符串从下标pos1开始删除n1个字符,删除后在下标pos处插入c的前n2个字符
const char* ch2 = "abcd";
string s1="0123456789";
s1.replace(1, 4, ch2, 1);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=0a56789
3.replace(size_type pos, size_type n, string s)
将字符串从下标pos开始删除n个字符,删除后在下标pos处插入s
string s2 = "abcd";
string s1="0123456789";
s1.replace(1, 4,s2);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;s1=0abcd56789
4.replace(size_type pos1, size_type n1, string s, size_type pos2, size_type n2)
将字符串从下标pos1开始删除n1个字符,删除后在下标pos1处插入s从下标pos2开始的n2个字符
string s2 = "abcd";
string s1="0123456789";
s1.replace(1, 4, s2, 2, 2);
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=0cd56789
5.replace(size_type pos1, size_type n1, string s, size_type n2, CharT ch)
将字符串从下标pos1开始删除n1个字符,删除后在下标pos1处插入n2个ch字符
string s2 = "abcd";
string s1="0123456789";
s1.replace(1, 4, 10, '@');
cout << "s1=" << s1 << endl;//s1=0@@@@@@@@@@56789
判断是否是标点符号
ispunct()
string s1=",01,23,45678,9";
for (auto i:s1) {
if (!ispunct(i)) {
cout << i ;
}
}
标签:string,STL,s1,cout,pos,C++,type,size
From: https://blog.csdn.net/immnature/article/details/141361289