java微信公众平台----带参数二维码生成和扫描事件

功能是在详情页面点击按钮，生成二维码。打开微信扫码，扫码之后手机跳转到公众号并发送一条模板消息。点击模板消息，跳转到H5的详情页面。

参考推荐：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42720002/category_8977300.html
官方文档：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Account_Management/Generating_a_Parametric_QR_Code.html
测试账号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index
扫码登录获取测试账号的信息。

一，Controller

package com.ikeep.findaccount.web.controller.wechat;

import com.ikeep.api.Response;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.domain.wechat.WechatParam;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.WechatDeveloperModeService;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.impl.WechatDeveloperModeServiceImpl;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.util.WechatCheckoutUtil;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.web.annotation.IgnoreUserToken;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/wechat")
@IgnoreUserToken
public class WechatBindController {
private final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(WechatDeveloperModeServiceImpl.class);

@Autowired
private WechatDeveloperModeService wechatDeveloperModeService;

/**
* 微信验证 微信公众号修改‘接口配置信息’会请求这个接口进行验证，验证成功则配置修改成功
* @param
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/vatToken")
public String toVatifyToken(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelMap map) {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
// 时间戳
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
// 随机数
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
// 随机字符串
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
if (signature != null && WechatCheckoutUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
return echostr;
}
return "";
}

/**
* 消息回复 扫码成功后会触发扫码事件，微信会请求这个接口。对请求事件处理
* @param
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/vatToken")
public String handleMessage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelMap map) {
String xmlData;
try {
xmlData = StreamUtils.copyToString(request.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("utf-8"));
} catch (IOException e) {
LOGGER.error("Io系统异常:{}",e.getMessage());
return "";
}
wechatDeveloperModeService.handleMessage(xmlData);
return "";

}

/**
* 获取二维码 前端请求的接口，调微信接口返回二维码链接
* @param
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/getQrCode")
public Response getYJQrCode(@RequestBody WechatParam wechatParam) {
return wechatDeveloperModeService.getYJQrCode(wechatParam);
}
}

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二，service

（1）微信验证工具类

package com.ikeep.findaccount.util;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/**
* @author zhubin
* @version 0.1
* @Pacakage com.ikeep.findaccount.util
* @Description 微信验证
* @create 2019/11/12 10:28
**/
public class WechatCheckoutUtil {

/**
* 这里写的token要与测试公众号Token 一致
*/
private static String TOKEN = "CY90_TOKEN";

/**
* 验证签名
* @param signature
* @param timestamp
* @param nonce
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
String[] arr = new String[]{TOKEN, timestamp, nonce};
// 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
// Arrays.sort(arr);
sort(arr);
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
content.append(arr[i]);
}
MessageDigest md = null;
String tmpStr = null;

try {
md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
// 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());
tmpStr = byteToStr(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
content = null;
// 将sha1加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
return tmpStr != null ? tmpStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()) : false;

}

/**
* 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
* @param byteArray
* @return
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) {
String strDigest = "";
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]);
}
return strDigest;

}

/**
* 将字节转换为十六进制字符串
* @param mByte
* @return
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) {
char[] Digit = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
char[] tempArr = new char[2];
tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];
tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F];
String s = new String(tempArr);
return s;
}

public static void sort(String a[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < a.length; j++) {
if (a[j].compareTo(a[i]) < 0) {
String temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}

}

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（2）请求t工具类

package com.ikeep.findaccount.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
* @author zhubin
* @version 0.1
* @Pacakage com.ikeep.findaccount.util
* @Description
* @create 2019/11/12 12:43
**/
public class HttpClientUtil {

public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (param != null) {
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();

// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}

public static String doGet(String url) {
return doGet(url, null);
}

public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建参数列表
if (param != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList,"utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

return resultString;
}

public static String doPost(String url) {
return doPost(url, null);
}

public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建请求内容
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

return resultString;
}

}

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（3）配置类

package com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.utill;

/**
* @author zhubin
* @version 0.1
* @Pacakage com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.utill
* @Description 微信的配置属性
* @create 2019/11/12 22:37
**/
public class WechatConfig {

/**
* 微信获取accessToken接口url
*/
public static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={appId}&secret={appSecret}";

/**
* 获取ticket
*/
public static final String GET_QRCODE_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/qrcode/create?access_token={TOKEN}";

/**
* 换取二维码
*/
public static final String QR_CODE_URL = "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/showqrcode?ticket={TICKET}";

/**
* 推送模板消息的url
*/
public static final String TEMPLATE_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token={ACCESS_TOKEN}";

/**
* 创业90商家详情
*/
public static final String CY90_MERCHANT = "http://{cy90url}?merchantCode={merchantCode}&productId={productId}&merchantType={merchantType}&opendId={opendId}";

/**
* 创业90企业详情
*/
public static final String CY90_SHOP = "http://{cy90url}?shopCode={shopCode}&productId={productId}&merchantType={merchantType}&opendId={opendId}";

/**
* 模板消息key
*/
public static final String[] KEY = {"first", "keyword1", "keyword2", "keyword3","remark"};

/**
* 模板消息的值
*/
public static final String[] VALUE = {"你好，欢迎联系商家", "戊吉云-获取商家电话", "", "戊吉云电话", "点击拨打电话"};

}

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（4）实现类

package com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.impl;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.ikeep.api.Response;
import com.ikeep.commons.utils.JsonUtils;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.domain.merchant.enums.MerchantTypeEnum;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.domain.wechat.TemplateParam;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.domain.wechat.WechatParam;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.domain.wechat.WechatTemplate;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.WechatBindService;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.WechatDeveloperModeService;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.utill.WechatConfig;
import com.ikeep.findaccount.util.HttpClientUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisCluster;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* @author zhubin
* @version 0.1
* @Pacakage com.ikeep.findaccount.service.wechat.impl
* @Description 微信开发者模式
* @create 2019/11/12 10:50
**/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class WechatDeveloperModeServiceImpl implements WechatDeveloperModeService{

//测试环境和正式环境切换需要变得的配置信息写在spring属性文件里
@Value("${wechat.appId}")
private String APPID;
@Value("${wechat.appsecret}")
private String APPSECRET;
@Value("${wechat.templateId}")
private String TEMPLATE_ID;
@Value("${wechat.cy90url}")
private String CY90URL;

DateTimeFormatter DF = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
private final String REDIS_KEY = "CY90_accesstoken";
@Resource
private JedisCluster jedisCluster;
@Autowired
private WechatBindService wechatBindService;

/**
* 获取微信二维码 scene_str 自定义的场景参数，触发扫码事件时，会携带此参数。由于需求需要多个参数，于是通过
* 下划线拼接
* @return
*/
@Override
public Response getYJQrCode(WechatParam wechatParam) {

log.info("开始获取二维码，参数wechatParam：{}", JsonUtils.toJson(wechatParam));
String merchantCode = wechatParam.getMerchantCode();
String productId = wechatParam.getProductId();
String merchantType = wechatParam.getMerchantType();
String freeOffer = wechatParam.getFreeOffer();
String scene_str = new StringBuilder(merchantCode).append("_").append(productId).append("_").append(merchantType).toString();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(freeOffer)){
scene_str = new StringBuilder(scene_str).append("_").append(freeOffer).toString();
}

String accessToken = getAccessToken();
if (StringUtils.isBlank(accessToken)){
return Response.failure("获取微信accessToken失败");
}
JSONObject req=new JSONObject();
JSONObject data=new JSONObject();
JSONObject datare=new JSONObject();
req.put("action_name","QR_LIMIT_STR_SCENE");
datare.put("scene_str",scene_str);
data.put("scene",datare);
req.put("action_info",data);
req.put("expire_seconds","604800");
log.info("获取二维码入参:{}", JsonUtils.toJson(req));
String url = WechatConfig.GET_QRCODE_URL.replace("{TOKEN}", accessToken);
String resut = HttpClientUtil.doPostJson(url, JsonUtils.toJson(req));
Map<String, String> map = JsonUtils.fromJson(resut, Map.class);
String ticket = map.get("ticket");
if (StringUtils.isBlank(ticket)){
return Response.failure(map.get("errmsg"));
}
log.info("获取二维码出参:{}",JsonUtils.toJson(resut));
String ticket1 = map.get("ticket");
log.info("获取ticket出参:{}",ticket1);
String returnUrl = WechatConfig.QR_CODE_URL.replace("{TICKET}", ticket1);
log.info("returnUrl:{}",returnUrl);
return Response.success(returnUrl);

}

/**
* 事件处理
* @param xmlData
* @return
*/
@Override
public Response handleMessage(String xmlData) {

log.info("开始事件处理：{}", xmlData);
Map<String, String> mapData = convertToMap(xmlData);
// 发送方帐号（open_id）
String fromUserName = mapData.get("FromUserName");
//消息类型
String msgType = mapData.get("MsgType");
//场景
String eventKey = mapData.get("EventKey");
// 事件消息
if ("event".equals(msgType)) {
// 区分事件推送
String event = mapData.get("Event");
log.info("****区分事件推送****" + event);
// 订阅事件 或 未关注扫描二维码事件
if ("subscribe".equals(event)) {
Response subscribe = toPostTemplateMessage(fromUserName, eventKey, "subscribe");
if (!subscribe.isSuccess()){
return subscribe;
}

// 已关注扫描二维码事件
} else if ("SCAN".equals(event)) {
Response scan = toPostTemplateMessage(fromUserName, eventKey, "SCAN");
if (!scan.isSuccess()){
return scan;
}
//取关事件
}else if ("unsubscribe".equals(event)){
wechatBindService.removeBinding(fromUserName);

} else if ("LOCATION".equals(event)) {
// todo 处理上报地理位置事件
} else if ("CLICK".equals(event)) {
// todo 处理点击菜单拉取消息时的事件推送事件
} else if ("VIEW".equals(event)) {
// todo 处理点击菜单跳转链接时的事件推送
}

}
return Response.success();
}

/**
* 推送模板消息
* @param opendId
* @param eventKey
*/
private Response toPostTemplateMessage(String opendId, String eventKey, String eventType){

log.info("开始执行推送消息,opendId :{}",opendId);

String freeOfferUrl = "&freeOffer={freeOffer}";
String[] split = eventKey.split("_");
String code;
String productId;
String type;
String freeoffece = null;
//关注扫码
if ("subscribe".equals(eventType)){
code = split[1];
productId = split[2];
type = split[3];
if (split.length == 5){
freeoffece = split[4];
}
}else {
code = split[0];
productId = split[1];
type = split[2];
if (split.length == 4){
freeoffece = split[3];
}
}


String accessToken = getAccessToken();
if (StringUtils.isBlank(accessToken)){
return Response.failure("获取微信accessToken失败");
}
String templateUrl = WechatConfig.TEMPLATE_URL.replace("{ACCESS_TOKEN}", accessToken);

WechatTemplate wechatTemplate =new WechatTemplate();
Map<String, TemplateParam> map = new HashMap<>(5);
TemplateParam templateParam;
String[] key = WechatConfig.KEY;
String[] value = WechatConfig.VALUE;
for(int i =0; i < value.length; i++){
templateParam = new TemplateParam();
if (i != 2){
templateParam.setValue(value[i]);
}else {
templateParam.setValue(LocalDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.of("+8")).format(DF));
}
if(i == 4){
templateParam.setColor("#0000FF");
}
map.put(key[i], templateParam);
}
wechatTemplate.setData(map);
wechatTemplate.setTouser(opendId);
wechatTemplate.setTemplate_id(TEMPLATE_ID);
String cy90DetailUrl;
if (MerchantTypeEnum.SHOP.getCode().toString().equals(type)){
cy90DetailUrl = WechatConfig.CY90_SHOP.replace("{cy90url}", CY90URL).replace("{shopCode}", code).replace("{productId}", productId).replace("{merchantType}", type).replace("{opendId}", opendId);

}else {
cy90DetailUrl = WechatConfig.CY90_MERCHANT.replace("{cy90url}", CY90URL).replace("{merchantCode}", code).replace("{productId}", productId).replace("{merchantType}", type).replace("{opendId}", opendId);
}
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(freeoffece)){
cy90DetailUrl = new StringBuilder(cy90DetailUrl).append(freeOfferUrl).toString().replace("{freeOffer}", freeoffece);
}
wechatTemplate.setUrl(cy90DetailUrl);
String postStr = JsonUtils.toJson(wechatTemplate);
String result = HttpClientUtil.doPostJson(templateUrl, postStr);
log.info("微信推送消息结果:{}", result);

return Response.success();
}
/**
* xml转map
* @param xml
* @return
*/
private static Map<String,String> convertToMap(String xml){
Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
Document document = db.parse(is);

Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
if(root != null){
NodeList childNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if(childNodes != null && childNodes.getLength()>0){
for(int i = 0;i < childNodes.getLength();i++){
Node node = childNodes.item(i);
if( node != null && node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
map.put(node.getNodeName(), node.getTextContent());
}
}
}
}
} catch (DOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
}

/**
* 获取access_Token
*
* @return
*/
private String getAccessToken() {

log.info("开始获取access_Token");
String accessToken;
try {
accessToken = jedisCluster.get(REDIS_KEY + APPID);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(accessToken)){
return accessToken;
}
}catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
String url = WechatConfig.ACCESS_TOKEN_URL.replace("{appId}", APPID).replace("{appSecret}", APPSECRET);
String accessTokenJsonStr = HttpClientUtil.doGet(url);
log.info("请求微信accessToken返回值：{}", accessTokenJsonStr);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(accessTokenJsonStr)){
log.error("请求微信返回值为空");
return null;
}
Map<String, Object> accessTokenMap = JsonUtils.fromJson(accessTokenJsonStr, Map.class);
log.info("转换map值：{}", JsonUtils.toJson(accessTokenMap));
if (accessTokenMap.isEmpty()){
log.error("accessTokenMap为空");
return null;
}
accessToken = (String) accessTokenMap.get("access_token");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(accessToken)) {
Integer errCode = null;
String errMsg = null;
try {
errCode = (Integer)accessTokenMap.get("errcode");
errMsg = (String) accessTokenMap.get("errmsg");
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("获取微信accessToken异常：{}", JsonUtils.toJson(accessTokenMap));
}
log.error("获取accessToken失败；errCode为：{}，errMsg{}", errCode , errMsg);
return null;
}
//存入缓存，官方有效期为2小时
try {
jedisCluster.setex(REDIS_KEY + APPID, 2*60*60 - 5 , accessToken);
}catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
log.info("获取access_Token成功，accessToken：", accessToken);
return accessToken;
}
}

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三，发布
发布到正式环境，需求修改spring属性文件的配置信息。修改公众号的信息时，需要先部署项目，因为修改公众号配置会调校验的接口

问题
1.关注事件，场景参数EventKey前面会拼接“qrscene”，所以取值的时候注意一下。
2.扫码之后，公众号连续推送三条重复模板消息（三次重复事件），看返回值是否正确。“”或“success”
加粗样式

文章知识点与官方知识档案匹配，可进一步学习相关知识
————————————————

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43229729/article/details/103205052