python可视化

（一）、设计实现电子算盘，并完成测试

【题目描述】

给小朋友设计一个电子算盘。要求绘制电子算盘界面，设计并实现打珠算过程（界面参考如下图示）。

界面右侧要求以图形绘制的方式绘制自画像，注意不能是图像文件显示的形式。

【源代码程序】

from tkinter import *

def initWindow():
   rect = canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=3)       # 算盘边框
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):          # 生成串算珠的线
       line_shu = canvas.create_line(70 + x0, 40 + y0, 70 + x1, 400 + y1, width=3)
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   line_fenge = canvas.create_line(25, 100, 450, 100, width=3)     # 生成上下珠的分割线
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):  # 生成5个上珠
       top_oval[i] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 60 + y0, 100 + x1, 90 + y1, fill='orange', tags=f"top{i}")
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(4):  # 生成4*5个下珠
       for j in range(5):
           below_oval[i][j] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 160 + y0, 100 + x1, 190 + y1, fill='yellow', tags=f"below{i}{j}")
           chushi[i][j] = canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j])
           x0 += 80
           x1 += 80
       x0 = 0
       x1 = 0
       y0 += 60
       y1 += 60
   print(chushi)
   num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(4)]  # 五个下珠分别对应的数值
   num2 = [0 for i in range(5)]  # 五个上珠分别对应的数值
   canvas.create_oval(750, 370, 470, 90, fill='yellow')
   canvas.create_oval(500, 170, 560, 200, fill='black')
   canvas.create_oval(650, 170, 710, 200, fill='black')

   canvas.create_arc(500, 200, 700, 300, start=-150, extent=120, style=ARC, width=3)
def get_empty():
   empty = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]
   for i in range(4):
       for j in range(5):
           if canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j]) != chushi[i][j]:
               empty[i][j] = 1
   print(empty)
   return empty

def bind():
   def handler_adaptor(handler, fun, row, col):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler=handler, fun=fun, col=col, row=row: handler(event=event, fun=fun, row=row, col=col)

   def handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun, row):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler2=handler2, fun=fun, row=row: handler2(event=event, fun=fun, row=row)

   def handler(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       empty = get_empty()
       if row == 0:
           if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 100:
               canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
       else:
           if empty[row - 1][col] == 1:
               if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 110 + 10 * (row + 1):
                   canvas.move(content, 0, -40)

   def handler2(event, fun, row):
       """上珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
           canvas.move(content, 0, -20)

   def handler3(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       empty = get_empty()
       if row == 3:
           if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 40 <= 350:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
       else:
           if empty[row][col] == 1:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)

   def handler4(event, fun, row):
       """上珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 20 <= 60:
           canvas.move(content, 0, 20)

   for i in range(5):
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor2(handler4, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
   for i in range(4):
       for j in range(5):
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor(handler, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor(handler3, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))

if __name__ == "__main__":
   window = Tk()
   window.title("电子算盘")
   window.geometry("800x500")
   canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
   canvas.pack()