分享一下项目中用过的远程调用方法并总结两种请求方式的差别
http远程调用一般分为两种 get和post(其它方式暂不考虑)
pom包
<!--http远程调用-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.9</version>
</dependency>
get请求方式
/**
* 发送get请求
* authorization为请求token(不需要可以去掉)
*/
public static String get(String url,String authorization) {
String res;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", authorization);
res = execute(httpClient, httpGet);
} finally {
doHttpClientClose(httpClient);
}
return res;
}
private static String execute(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpUriRequest httpGetOrPost) {
String res = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGetOrPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
res = EntityUtils.toString(entity, CHARSET_UTF_8);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
doResponseClose(response);
}
return res;
}
/**
* httpClient关闭
*/
private static void doHttpClientClose(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) {
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* response关闭
*/
private static void doResponseClose(CloseableHttpResponse response) {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
get我觉得通篇下来就是url比较重要,其它的都是一些常规方法,因为get方法基本是在url上拼参数
String url = "127.0.0.1:8080/api/personList?pageNum=1&pageSize=10&idcardNo="+idCard;
post请求方法
post的请求方式就多种多样了 application/json、application/x-www-form-urlencoded、application/form-data
这里是一个post请求方法
Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
header.put("Accept", "*/*");
header.put("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
/**
* 设置超时时间及重试次数
*/
private static final int retryCount = 3;
private static final RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(15000)
.setConnectTimeout(15000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000)
.build();
/**
* 通用型httpPost调用
*/
public static String post(final String url, Map<String, String> map, final Map<String, String> headParam) {
final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
int index = 0;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
//将头部header参数写进httpPost的header中
if (headParam != null) {
for (final String key : headParam.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headParam.get(key));
}
}
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "admin");
//将外部参数写进params中(这里也是一个个去写入,理论上application/form-data也是这种写入方式)
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
if(map!=null){
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}
//设置参数到请求对象中
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8"));
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
catch (Exception e) {
while(null == response && index < retryCount){
log.info("第 {} 次重试", index + 1);
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e1) {
log.error("报错结果:", e1);
}
index++;
}
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
finally {
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e3) {
e3.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
application/json其实只是换下写入参数的方法
//设置请求头
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "*/*");
/**
* 通用型httpPost调用
*/
public static String post(final String url, JSONObject param, final Map<String, String> headParam) {
final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
int index = 0;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
//将头部header参数写进httpPost的header中
if (headParam != null) {
for (final String key : headParam.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headParam.get(key));
}
}
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "admin");
//将整体参数变成json传进去(这里与上面方法会有区别)
if (EmptyUtils.isNotEmpty(param)) {
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(param.toJSONString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
catch (Exception e) {
while(null == response && index < retryCount){
log.info("第 {} 次重试", index + 1);
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e1) {
log.error("报错结果:", e1);
}
index++;
}
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
finally {
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e3) {
e3.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
参数用JSONObject param传递感觉还是不太方便
得一个个写参数封装进param
JSONObject param = new JSONObject(); Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", "123"); map.put("phone", "1234"); param.put("params", map);
因为传参数我一般习惯用实体类传参(特别是参数比较多的情况)
用Object object传参,不管你传过来的参数是map还是JSONObject还是实体类
/**
* 通用型httpPost调用
*/
public static String post(final String url, final Object object, final Map<String, String> headParam) {
final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
int index = 0;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
//将头部header参数写进httpPost的header中
if (headParam != null) {
for (final String key : headParam.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headParam.get(key));
}
}
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "admin");
//这里将传过来的object参数转成JSONObject(多了这一步)
String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(object);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(json);
//将整体参数变成json传进去
if (EmptyUtils.isNotEmpty(object)) {
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
catch (Exception e) {
//这里逻辑不用管,因为有设置超时时间和重试次数,不需要这里逻辑可忽略
while(null == response && index < retryCount){
log.info("第 {} 次重试", index + 1);
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e1) {
log.error("报错结果:", e1);
}
index++;
}
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
finally {
try {
assert response != null;
response.close();
}
catch (IOException e3) {
e3.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
关于get、post请求远程调用的就讲完了
还有一些调用遇到的例子也给大家分享下
忽略ssl证书警告(有些接口可能配置了https)
方法不可完全复制,如果需要,将忽略ssl证书警告方法放到上面方法稍微修改下
static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
/**
* 忽略ssl证书警告
*/
public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault() {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
// 信任所有
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, hostnameVerifier);
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (KeyManagementException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return HttpClients.createDefault();
}
/**
* 根据token查询接口
*/
public static String doPost(final String url, final Object object, String token) {
int index = 0;
final CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
//设置httpPost
HttpPost httpPost = setHttpPost(url, object);
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", token);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
try {
//主要是这里先调用忽略ssl证书的方法后才去调用远程接口
httpClient = createSSLClientDefault();
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
while(null == response && index < retryCount){
log.error("第 {} 次重试, url:{}", index + 1, url);
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e1) {
log.error("第 {} 次重试结果, e:{}", index + 1, e1.getMessage());
}
index++;
log.info("SocketTimeoutException结果: e{}", e.getMessage());
}
}
//解析返回数据
assert response != null;
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
catch (Exception e) {
log.info("Exception结果: url:{}, e:{}", url, e.getMessage());
//如果异常为自定义异常则主动抛出
if (e instanceof BizException) {
try {
throw e;
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
closeResponse(response);
}
finally {
closeResponse(response);
}
return resultString;
}
标签：调用,java,String,try,httpPost,http,null,response,httpClient From： https://www.cnblogs.com/magepi/p/18124770