Java测试代码编写

一、单元测试

1.1 引入依赖

1、root

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
  <type>pom</type>
  <scope>import</scope>
</dependency>

2、具体module

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
  <version>5.6.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
  </exclusions>
</dependency>

1.2 创建测试类

@SpringBootTest // 加载Spring上下文，寻找@SpringBootApplication 注解。
public class ExcelServiceImplTest {
  
  @Resource // 注入待测试类
  private ExcelServiceImpl excelService;

}

• 在Junit4中，还需要加@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) // 实现Spring Boot单元测试
• 在JUnit 5中，Spring Boot 提供了一个扩展 @SpringBootTest，它隐式地使用 SpringExtension 来运行测试，而无需显式指定 @RunWith() 注解

版本对应关系：

1.3 编写测试方法

@SpringBootTest
class IntegrationMonitorServiceTest {
    @Resource
    private IntegrationMonitorService integrationMonitorService;

    @Test
    void testGetTpMonitorTableDTOList() {
        String jsonStr = "";
        List<TpDataMonitorQry> tpDataMonitorQry = JSON.parseArray(json, TpDataMonitorQry.class);
        Result<List<TpMonitorInfoDTO>> tpMonitorTableDTOList = integrationMonitorService.getTpMonitorTableDTOList(tpDataMonitorQry);
        Assertions.assertTrue(tpMonitorTableDTOList.getSuccess());
    }
}

1.4 进阶

1、启动类

@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class, properties = "spring.profiles.active=test")

classes 属性指向一个启动类或配置启动类，一般不填

2、feign接口调用

编写一个配置类

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {RedisAutoConfiguration.class, RabbitAutoConfiguration.class})
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.gemenyaofei.integration")
@EnableLocalHostFeign(serverNameAndUrl = {ServiceNameConst.SYSTEM_SERVICE + "=http://172.16.20.56:8098"})
//@EnableLocalHostFeign(serverNameAndUrl = {ServiceNameConst.SYSTEM_SERVICE + "=http://172.16.5.132:8098"})
public class ApplicationConfiguration {

}

3、AOP/连接复用注解

（1）介绍

@BeforeEach

@BeforeAll

@AfterForeach

@AfterAll

执行顺序如下：

（2）示例

@BeforeEach
void setUp() {
  System.out.println("测试开始");
}

@AfterEach
void tearDown() {
  System.out.println("测试结束");
}

4、断言Assertions

Assertions.assertEquals(a,b) and Assertions.assertNotEquals()
Assertions.assertArrayEquals(Object[] expected, Object[] actual)
Assertions.assertIterableEquals(Iterable<?> expected, Iterable> actual)
Assertions.assertLinesMatch()
Assertions.assertNotNull(Object actual) and Assertions.assertNull()
Assertions.assertNotSame(originalObject, cloneObject) and Assertions.assertSame()
Assertions.assertTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1), () -> return "success") and Assertions.assertTimeoutPreemptively()
Assertions.assertTrue() and Assertions.assertFalse()
Assertions.assertThrows()
Assertions.fail() // 仅仅使测试用例失败

二、接口测试

2.1 定义接口

### 查询指定场景下逻辑实体的er关系，并封装成算法所需的结构
GET {{url}}/fabric/er/metabase/relation/test001
Content-Type:application/json
Cookie:{{Cookie}}


###查询客户表的字典信息，来源：ds_table_detail
POST {{url}}/metadata/exchange/pull/asset?source=testyu_oracle_51
Content-Type:application/json
Cookie:{{Cookie}}

["erp_coptc"]


### 微调er
PATCH {{url}}/fabric/er/3286495755174417787
Content-Type:application/json
Cookie:{{Cookie}}

{"entityCode":"ltc_customer_order_payment_info","tableNameList":["erp_copth","erp_coptc","erp_coptg"]}


### 更新执行状态
PUT {{url}}/metadata/executor/algorithm/status/54/3266820074312308163/3

2.2 定义环境和变量

根目录下定义http-client.env.json

{
  "local": {
    "url": "http://127.0.0.1:9089",
    "Cookie": "",
    "rp-key": "20240204151533167653-39b3ad1b-cbb3-4a80-be94-06cf62b208bf",
    "er-key": "20240202151303664045-59c485db-3283-4e6e-bc08-19c5adf18720",
    "er-update-key": "20240204180210881546-3b54be0a-e034-4d97-b66a-8f1743815b62"
  	}
  }

三、MockITO

3.1 新增依赖

1、全部

<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
<version>1.8.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2、核心

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
  <version>2.7.19</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

3.2 Mock值

1、对象

//mock对象
@MockBean
protected UserRepository mockRepository;
或者
//先创建一个mock对象
UserService userService = Mockito.mock(UserService.class);

2、when thenReturn

@Test
public void testMockBeanAnnotation() {
  // 指定mock对象的行为
  Mockito.when(mockRepository.count()).thenReturn(123L);
  // 通过应用程序上下文获取Mock的对象
  // 也可以直接调用mockRepository.count()方法
  UserRepository userRepoFromContext = context.getBean(UserRepository.class);
  long userCount = userRepoFromContext.count();
  Assert.assertEquals(123L, userCount);
  // 验证被调用的就是Mock的对象
  Mockito.verify(mockRepository).count();
}

3.3 验证

1、方法调用

//验证userService的queryUser()方法是否被调用，并且参数时 "001"
Mockito.verify(userService).queryUser("001");

//上面例子，其实更加准确的说法是：验证userService的queryUser()方法得到了一次调用。相当于：
Mockito.verify(userService, Mockito.times(1)).queryUser("001");

//先创建一个mock对象
UserService userService = Mockito.mock(UserService.class);

//验证userService的queryUser()方法是否被调用，并且参数时是任意的
Mockito.verify(userService).queryUser(Mockito.any());

//验证userService的queryUser()方法是否被调用，并且参数时是任意字符串
Mockito.verify(userService).queryUser(Mockito.anyString());

四、其他测试介绍

4.1 自动化测试

4.2 冒烟测试

4.3 其他测试概念

1、自测

2、提测