Netty 学习(十):ChannelPipeline源码说明
作者: Grey
原文地址:
博客园:Netty 学习(十):ChannelPipeline源码说明
CSDN:Netty 学习(十):ChannelPipeline源码说明
ChannelPipeline可以看作一条流水线,原料(字节流)进来,经过加工,形成一个个Java对象,然后基于这些对象进行处理,最后输出二进制字节流。
ChannelPipeline 在创建 NioSocketChannel 的时候创建, 其默认实现是 DefaultChannelPipeline
final AbstractChannelHandlerContext head;
final AbstractChannelHandlerContext tail;
protected DefaultChannelPipeline(Channel channel) {
this.channel = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channel, "channel");
succeededFuture = new SucceededChannelFuture(channel, null);
voidPromise = new VoidChannelPromise(channel, true);
tail = new TailContext(this);
head = new HeadContext(this);
head.next = tail;
tail.prev = head;
}
ChannelPipeline 中保存了 Channel 的引用,且其中每个节点都是一个 ChannelHandlerContext 对象。每个 ChannelHandlerContext 节点都保存了执行器(即:ChannelHandler)。
ChannelPipeline里有两种不同的节点,一种是 ChannelInboundHandler,处理 inbound 事件(例如:读取数据流),还有一种是 ChannelOutboundHandler,处理 Outbound 事件,比如调用writeAndFlush()类方法时,就会调用该 handler。
添加 handler 的逻辑如下
@Override
public final ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler) {
final AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx;
synchronized (this) {
// 检查是否有重复的 handler
checkMultiplicity(handler);
// 创建 节点
newCtx = newContext(group, filterName(name, handler), handler);
// 添加节点
addLast0(newCtx);
// If the registered is false it means that the channel was not registered on an eventLoop yet.
// In this case we add the context to the pipeline and add a task that will call
// ChannelHandler.handlerAdded(...) once the channel is registered.
if (!registered) {
newCtx.setAddPending();
callHandlerCallbackLater(newCtx, true);
return this;
}
EventExecutor executor = newCtx.executor();
if (!executor.inEventLoop()) {
callHandlerAddedInEventLoop(newCtx, executor);
return this;
}
}
// 回调用户方法
callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
return this;
}
如上代码,整个添加过程见注释说明,其实主要就是四步:
第一步:检查是否有重复的 handler,核心逻辑见
private static void checkMultiplicity(ChannelHandler handler) {
if (handler instanceof ChannelHandlerAdapter) {
ChannelHandlerAdapter h = (ChannelHandlerAdapter) handler;
if (!h.isSharable() && h.added) {
// 非共享的且添加过,就抛出异常,反之,如果一个 handler 支持共享,就可以无限次被添加到 ChannelPipeline 中
throw new ChannelPipelineException(
h.getClass().getName() +
" is not a @Sharable handler, so can't be added or removed multiple times.");
}
h.added = true;
}
}
第二步:创建节点,即把 handler 包裹成 ChannelHandlerContext,核心逻辑如下
private static final FastThreadLocal<Map<Class<?>, String>> nameCaches =
new FastThreadLocal<Map<Class<?>, String>>() {
@Override
protected Map<Class<?>, String> initialValue() {
return new WeakHashMap<Class<?>, String>();
}
};
private String generateName(ChannelHandler handler) {
Map<Class<?>, String> cache = nameCaches.get();
Class<?> handlerType = handler.getClass();
String name = cache.get(handlerType);
if (name == null) {
name = generateName0(handlerType);
cache.put(handlerType, name);
}
// It's not very likely for a user to put more than one handler of the same type, but make sure to avoid
// any name conflicts. Note that we don't cache the names generated here.
if (context0(name) != null) {
String baseName = name.substring(0, name.length() - 1); // Strip the trailing '0'.
for (int i = 1;; i ++) {
String newName = baseName + i;
if (context0(newName) == null) {
name = newName;
break;
}
}
}
return name;
}
注:Netty 使用 FastThreadLocal 变量来缓存 Handler 的类和名称的映射关系,在生成 name 的时候,首先看缓存中有没有生成过默认 name,如果没有生成,就调用generateName0()
生成默认名称,加入缓存。
第三步:把 ChannelHandlerContext 作为节点添加到 pipeline 中,核心代码如下
private void addLast0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx) {
AbstractChannelHandlerContext prev = tail.prev;
newCtx.prev = prev;
newCtx.next = tail;
prev.next = newCtx;
tail.prev = newCtx;
}
其本质就是一个双向链表的插入节点过程,而且,ChannelPipeline 删除 ChannelHandler 的方法,本质就是把这个双向链表的某个节点删掉!
第四步:回调用户方法,核心代码如下
private void callHandlerAdded0(final AbstractChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
try {
ctx.callHandlerAdded();
} catch (Throwable t) {
boolean removed = false;
try {
atomicRemoveFromHandlerList(ctx);
ctx.callHandlerRemoved();
removed = true;
} catch (Throwable t2) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Failed to remove a handler: " + ctx.name(), t2);
}
}
if (removed) {
fireExceptionCaught(new ChannelPipelineException(
ctx.handler().getClass().getName() +
".handlerAdded() has thrown an exception; removed.", t));
} else {
fireExceptionCaught(new ChannelPipelineException(
ctx.handler().getClass().getName() +
".handlerAdded() has thrown an exception; also failed to remove.", t));
}
}
}
final void callHandlerRemoved() throws Exception {
try {
// Only call handlerRemoved(...) if we called handlerAdded(...) before.
if (handlerState == ADD_COMPLETE) {
handler().handlerRemoved(this);
}
} finally {
// Mark the handler as removed in any case.
setRemoved();
}
}
其中ctx.callHandlerAdded();
就是回调用户的handlerAdded
方法,然后通过 CAS 方式修改节点的状态为 REMOVE_COMPLETE (说明该节点已经被移除),或者 ADD_COMPLETE (添加完成)。
完整代码见:hello-netty
本文所有图例见:processon: Netty学习笔记
更多内容见:Netty专栏