1.列表(list)
列表是一个有序且可变的容器，在里面可存放多个类型的元素。
1.1定义
use_list = ["天"，"地","人"]
number_list = [98,66,55]
data_list = [1,True,"Alex"]
use_list = []
use_list.append("铁锤")
use_list.append(123)
use_list.append(True)
print(use_list)#["铁锤"，123，True]
不可变类型：字符串，布尔，整形(内部数据无法进行修改)
可变类型：列表(内部数据可以进行修改)
1.2独有功能
- 字符串，不可变，即：创建好之后内部就无法修改。[独有功能都是新创建一份数据]
name = "alex"
data = name.upper()
print(name)
prinat(data)
- 列表，可变，即：创建好之后内部元素可以修改。[独有功能基本上都是直接操作列表内部，不会创建新一份数据]
user_list = ["天","地"]
user_list.append("人")
print(user_list)
列表中的常见独有功能如下：
1.追加，在原列表中尾部追加值。
data_list = []
v1 = input("请输入名字")
data_list.append(v1)
v2 = input("请输入名字")
data_list.append(v2)
#案例2
welcome = "欢迎使用修仙世界".center(30,'*')
print(welcome)
user_count = 0
while True:
count = input("请输入游戏人数：")
if count.isdecimal():
user_count = int(count)
break
else:
print("输入格式错误，人数必须是数字。")
message = "欢迎{}人加入修仙世界".format(user_count)
print(message)
user_name_list = []
for i in range(1,user_count+1):
tips = "请输入玩家名字({}/{}):".format(i,user_count)
name = input(tips)
user_name_list.append(name)
print(user_name_list)
2.批量追加，将一个列表中的元素逐一添加另一个列表
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","斧头"]
tools.extend([11,22,33])
print(tools)#['搬砖', '菜刀', '斧头', 11, 22, 33]
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","斧头"]
weapon = [11,22,33]
tools.extend(weapon)
print(tools)#['搬砖', '菜刀', '斧头', 11, 22, 33]
#等价于
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","斧头"]
weapon = [11,22,33]
for item in weapon:
tools.append(item)
print(tools)#['搬砖', '菜刀', '斧头', 11, 22, 33]
3.插入，在原列表的指定索引位置插入值
user_list = ["搬砖","菜刀","斧头"]
user_list.insert(0,"外卖")
user_list.insert(2,"苹果")
print(user_list)#['外卖', '搬砖', '苹果', '菜刀', '斧头']
4.在原列表中根据值删除(从左到右找到第一个删除)
user_list = ["搬砖","菜刀","斧头","Alex"]
while True:
if "Alex" in user_list:
user_list.remove("Alex")
else:
break
print(user_list)
#案例：自动抽奖程序
import random
data_list = ["iphone12","mate60","1000元","暖水壶"]
while data_list:
name = input("自动抽奖程序，请输入自己的名字：")
value = random.choice(data_list)
print("恭喜{},抽中{}".format(name,value))
data_list.remove(value)
5.在原列表中根据索引踢出某个元素(根据索引位置删除)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
# 0 1 2 3 4
user_list.pop(1)
print(user_list)#['王宝强', 'Alex', '贾乃亮', 'Alex']
user_list.pop()
print(user_list)#['王宝强', '陈羽凡', 'Alex', '贾乃亮']
item = user_list.pop(1)
ele = user_list.pop()#在user-list删除最后一个，并讲删除值赋给ele
item = user_list.pop(2)#在user_list中删除索引为2的值，并将删除值赋给item
#案例：排队买火车票
user_queue = []
while True:
name = input("北京—上海火车票，购买请输入名字排队(Q退出):")
if name == "Q":
break
user_queue.append(name)
ticket_count = 3
for i in range(ticket_count):
username = user_queue.pop(0)
message = "恭喜{}，购买火车票成功。".format(username)
print(message)
faild_user = "，".join(user_queue)
faild_message = "非常抱歉，票已经售完了，以下用户请选择其他的出行方式，名单:{}".format(faild_user)
print(faild_message)
6.清空原列表
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.clear()
print(user_list)#[]
7.根据值获取索引(从左到右找到第一个删除)[慎用，找不到报错]
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
if "Alex" in user_list:
index = user_list.index("Alex")
print(index)#2
else:
print("不存在")
8.列表元素排序
#数字排序
num_list = [11,22,4,5,11,99,88]
print(num_list)
num_list.sort()#让num_list从小到大排序
num_list.sort(reverse=True)#让num_list从大到小排序
print(num_list)
#字符串排序
user_list = ["王宝强","Ab陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","贾乃","1"]
#[29579, 23453, 24378]
[65, 98, 38472, 32701, 20961]
[65, 108, 101, 120]
[49]
print(user_list)
user_list.sort()
print(user_list)
data = "Ab陈羽凡"
data_list = []
for char in data:
v1 = ord(char)
data_list.append(v1)
print(data)
print(data_list)
注意：排序时内部元素无法进行比较时，程序会报错(尽量数据类型统一)。
9.反转原列表
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.reverse()
print(user_list)
1.3公共功能
1.相加，两个列表相加获取生成一个新的列表。
data = ["赵四","刘能"] + ["宋晓锋","范德彪"]
print(data)
v1 = ["赵四","刘能"]
v2 = ["宋晓锋","范德彪"]
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3)
2.相乘，列表*整形将列表中的元素在创建N份并生成一个新的列表。
data = ["赵四","刘能"] * 2
print(data)
v1 = ["赵四","刘能"]
v2 = v1 *2
print(v2)
3.运算符in包含
由于列表内部是由多个元素组成，可以通过in来判断元素是否在列表中。
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
result = "alex" in user_list
result = "alex" not in user_list
print(result)
注意：列表检查元素是否存在时，效率会很低。
4.获取长度
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(len(user_list))
5.索引
#读
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(user_list[0])
print(user_list[1])
print(user_list[2])
#改
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(user_list[0]) = "吴佩琦"
print(user_list)
#删
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
del user_list[1]
注意：超出索引范围会报错。
提示：由于字符串是不可变类型所以他只有索引读的功能，而列表可以进行读，改，删
6.切片
#读
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(user_list[0:2])
print(user_list[1:])
print(user_list[:-1])
#改
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(user_list[0:2]) = [11,22,33,44]
print(user_list)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
print(user_list[1000:]) = [11,22,33,44]
print(user_list)
#删
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
del user_list[1:]
print(user_list)
7.步长
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
# 1 2 3 4 5
print(user_list[1:4:2])
#案例：实现列表翻转
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
new_data = user_list[::-1]
print(new_data)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.reverse()
print(data_list)
8.for循环
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
for item in user_list:
print(item)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","刘Alex","刘贾乃亮","Alex"]
for index in range(len(user_list))-1,-1,-1):
item = user_list(index)
if item.startswith("刘"):
user_list.remove(item)
print(user_list)
1.4转换
- int,bool无法转换成列表
- str
name = "吴佩琦"
data = list(name)
print(data)
- 超前
v1 = (11,22,33,44)#元组
vv1 = list(v1)#列表[11,22,33,44]
v2 = {"alex","eric","dsb"}#集合
vv2 = list(v2)#列表['dsb', 'eric', 'alex']
1.5.1嵌套
列表属于容器，内部可以存放各种数据，所以他也支持列表的嵌套，如:
data = ["谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山"],True,[11,22,33,44],"宋小宝"]
对于嵌套的值，可以根据之前学习的索引知识点来进行学习，例如：
data = ["谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山"],True,[11,22,33,44],"宋小宝"]
print(data[0])#谢广坤
print(data[1])#['海燕', '赵本山']
print(data[0][2])#坤
print(data[1][-1])#赵本山
data.append(666)
print(data)['谢广坤', ['海燕', '赵本山'], True, [11, 22, 33, 44], '宋小宝', 666]
data[1].append("谢大脚")
print(data)['谢广坤', ['海燕', '赵本山', '谢大脚'], True, [11, 22, 33, 44], '宋小宝', 666]
del data[-2]
print(data)#['谢广坤', ['海燕', '赵本山', '谢大脚'], True, [11, 22, 33, 44], 666]
user_list = []
while True:
user = input("请输入用户名(Q退出):")
if user == "Q"
break
pwd = input("请输入密码:")
data = [user,pwd]
user_list.append(data)
print(user_list)
2.元组
列表(list),是一个有序且可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个不同类型的元素。
元组(tuple),是一个有序且不可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个不同类型的元素。
2.1定义
v1 = (11,22,33)
v2 = ("李杰"，"Alex")
v3 = (True,123,"Alex",[11,22,33])
#建议在元组的最后多加一个逗号，用于标识他是一个元组
v2 = ("李杰"，"Alex",)
2.3公共功能
1.相加，两个列表相加获取生成一个新的列表
data = ("赵四","刘能") + ("宋晓锋","范德彪")
print(data)
v1 = ("赵四","刘能")
v2 = ("宋晓锋","范德彪")
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3)
2.相乘，列表*整形将列表中的元素再创建N份并生成一个新列表。
data = ("赵四","刘能") * 2
print(data)
v1 = ("赵四","刘能")
v2 = v1 * 2
print(v1)
print(v2)
3.获取长度
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
print(len(user_list))
4.索引
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
print(user_list[0])
print(user_list[1])
print(user_list[2])
5.切片
user_list = ("赵四","刘能",)
print(user_list[0:2])
print(user_list[1:])
print(user_list[:-1])
6.步长
user_list = ("赵四","刘能",)
print(user_list[1:4:2])
print(user_list[0::2])
print(user_list[1::2])
print(user_list[4:1:-1])
#字符串&元组
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
data = user_list[::-1]
#列表
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
data = user_list[::-1]
user_list.reverse()
print(user_list)
7.for循环
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
for item in user_list:
print(item)
user_list = ("赵四","刘能")
for item in user_list:
if item == "刘能":
continue
print(name)
2.4转换
其他类型转换为元组，使用tuple(其他类型)，目前只有字符串和列表可以转换为元组。
data = tuple(其他)
#str/list
name = "武沛齐"
data = tuple(name)
print(data)#('武', '沛', '齐')
name = ("武沛齐"，18,"pythonav")
data = tuple(name)
print(data)#('武沛齐', 18, 'pythonav')
2.5嵌套
由于元组和列表都可以充当容器，他们内部可以放很多元素，并且也支持元素内的各种嵌套。
tu = ('赵四', '刘能', '宋晓锋',("武沛齐"，18,"pythonav") '范德彪')
tu1 = tu[0]
tu2 = tu[1]
tu3 = tu[2][0]
tu4 = tu[2][1]