Basic Authentication in ASP.NET Web API

原始资料：Basic Authentication in ASP.NET Web API | Microsoft Learn

演示了如何实现basic 身份验证。

注意：

在 Web API 2 中，您应该考虑编写身份验证过滤器或 OWIN 中间件，而不是 HTTP 模块。

In Web API 2, you should consider writing an authentication filter or OWIN middleware, instead of an HTTP module.

微软的这篇文档，还是很有学习价值的，毕竟思路都是相似的。

自定义了一个HttpModule：

namespace WebHostBasicAuth.Modules
{
    public class BasicAuthHttpModule : IHttpModule
    {
        private const string Realm = "My Realm";

        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            // Register event handlers
            context.AuthenticateRequest += OnApplicationAuthenticateRequest;
            context.EndRequest += OnApplicationEndRequest;
        }

        private static void SetPrincipal(IPrincipal principal)
        {
            Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
            if (HttpContext.Current != null)
            {
                HttpContext.Current.User = principal;
            }
        }

        // TODO: Here is where you would validate the username and password.
        private static bool CheckPassword(string username, string password)
        {
            return username == "user" && password == "password";
        }

        private static void AuthenticateUser(string credentials)
        {
            try
            {
                var encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1");
                credentials = encoding.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(credentials));

                int separator = credentials.IndexOf(':');
                string name = credentials.Substring(0, separator);
                string password = credentials.Substring(separator + 1);

                if (CheckPassword(name, password))
                {
                    var identity = new GenericIdentity(name);
                    SetPrincipal(new GenericPrincipal(identity, null));
                }
                else
                {
                    // Invalid username or password.
                    HttpContext.Current.Response.StatusCode = 401;
                }
            }
            catch (FormatException)
            {
                // Credentials were not formatted correctly.
                HttpContext.Current.Response.StatusCode = 401;
            }
        }

        private static void OnApplicationAuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
            var authHeader = request.Headers["Authorization"];
            if (authHeader != null)
            {
                var authHeaderVal = AuthenticationHeaderValue.Parse(authHeader);

                // RFC 2617 sec 1.2, "scheme" name is case-insensitive
                if (authHeaderVal.Scheme.Equals("basic",
                        StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
                    authHeaderVal.Parameter != null)
                {
                    AuthenticateUser(authHeaderVal.Parameter);
                }
            }
        }

        // If the request was unauthorized, add the WWW-Authenticate header 
        // to the response.
        private static void OnApplicationEndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var response = HttpContext.Current.Response;
            if (response.StatusCode == 401)
            {
                response.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate",
                    string.Format("Basic realm=\"{0}\"", Realm));
            }
        }

        public void Dispose() 
        {
        }
    }
}

要启用 HTTP 模块，请将以下内容添加到 web.config 文件的 system.webServer 部分：

<system.webServer>
    <modules>
      <add name="BasicAuthHttpModule" 
        type="WebHostBasicAuth.Modules.BasicAuthHttpModule, YourAssemblyName"/>
    </modules>