C#.NET Framework RSA 私钥签名 公钥验签（验证签名） ver:20230612
环境说明：
.NET Framework 4.6 的控制台程序 。
.NET Framework 对于RSA的支持：NET Framework 内置只支持XML格式的私钥/公钥。如果要用PKCS1,PKCS8格式的，要用到三方库BouncyCastle。
核心重点是拿到 .NET 的RSACryptoServiceProvider 对象。
签名（双方要协商好编码）：
1.将原始报文用UTF8转为byte数组。(参数为byte[] buffer) 原始报文的编码双方要协商好。
2.调用SignData(byte[] buffer, object halg)方法，其中halg 是HASH算法，双方要协商好，有：SHA256、SHA1、MD5。SHA256对应JAVA的 SHA256withRSA. (其它还有 SHA1withRSA，MD5withRSA)
3.将输出结果转为BASE64字符串。输出结果转字符串的编码，双方要协商好，不一定用BASE64。
公钥验签：
1.将原始报文用UTF8转为byte数组。(参数为byte[] buffer)
2.将签名串（BASE64字符串）用Convert.FromBase64String（）转为byte数组。（参数为：byte[] signature）
3.使用 VerifyData(byte[] buffer, object halg, byte[] signature); 方法验签。其中halg 是HASH算法，有：SHA256、SHA1、MD5。
用“支付宝开放平台开发助手”生成一组公私钥：
PKCS8私钥：
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
与之匹配的 PKCS1 私钥，用助手转换的：
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
与之匹配的公钥：
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB
nuget 中引用 Portable.BouncyCastle。
工具类：
RsaUtil 的作用： 将私钥（PKCS1,PKCS8）、公钥、私钥证书、公钥证书转为.NET RSACryptoServiceProvider 对象。
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
namespace CommonUtils
{
/// <summary>
/// 将私钥（PKCS1,PKCS8）、公钥、私钥证书、公钥证书转为.NET RSACryptoServiceProvider 对象
/// </summary>
public static class RsaUtil
{
#region 加载私钥
/// <summary>
/// 转换私钥字符串为RSACryptoServiceProvider
/// </summary>
/// <param name="privateKeyStr">私钥字符串</param>
/// <param name="keyFormat">PKCS8,PKCS1</param>
/// <param name="signType">RSA 私钥长度1024 ,RSA2 私钥长度2048</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadPrivateKey(string privateKeyStr, string keyFormat)
{
string signType = "RSA";
if (privateKeyStr.Length > 1024)
{
signType = "RSA2";
}
//PKCS8,PKCS1
if (keyFormat == "PKCS1")
{
return LoadPrivateKeyPKCS1(privateKeyStr, signType);
}
else
{
return LoadPrivateKeyPKCS8(privateKeyStr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// PKCS1 格式私钥转 RSACryptoServiceProvider 对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strKey">pcsk1 私钥的文本内容</param>
/// <param name="signType">RSA 私钥长度1024 ,RSA2 私钥长度2048 </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadPrivateKeyPKCS1(string privateKeyPemPkcs1, string signType)
{
try
{
privateKeyPemPkcs1 = privateKeyPemPkcs1.Replace("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
privateKeyPemPkcs1 = privateKeyPemPkcs1.Replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
byte[] data = null;
//读取带
data = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKeyPemPkcs1);
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodeRSAPrivateKey(data, signType);
return rsa;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
return null;
}
private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey, string signType)
{
byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ;
// --------- Set up stream to decode the asn.1 encoded RSA private key ------
MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(privkey);
BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem); //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
byte bt = 0;
ushort twobytes = 0;
int elems = 0;
try
{
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes != 0x0102) //version number
return null;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x00)
return null;
//------ all private key components are Integer sequences ----
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
E = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
D = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
P = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
// ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
CspParameters CspParameters = new CspParameters();
CspParameters.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;
int bitLen = 1024;
if ("RSA2".Equals(signType))
{
bitLen = 2048;
}
RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(bitLen, CspParameters);
//RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();
RSAparams.Modulus = MODULUS;
RSAparams.Exponent = E;
RSAparams.D = D;
RSAparams.P = P;
RSAparams.Q = Q;
RSAparams.DP = DP;
RSAparams.DQ = DQ;
RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;
RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);
return RSA;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
// return null;
}
finally
{
binr.Close();
}
}
private static int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr)
{
byte bt = 0;
byte lowbyte = 0x00;
byte highbyte = 0x00;
int count = 0;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x02) //expect integer
return 0;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt == 0x81)
count = binr.ReadByte(); // data size in next byte
else
if (bt == 0x82)
{
highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); // data size in next 2 bytes
lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };
count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);
}
else
{
count = bt; // we already have the data size
}
while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00)
{ //remove high order zeros in data
count -= 1;
}
binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current); //last ReadByte wasn't a removed zero, so back up a byte
return count;
}
/// <summary>
/// PKCS8 文本转RSACryptoServiceProvider 对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="privateKeyPemPkcs8"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadPrivateKeyPKCS8(string privateKeyPemPkcs8)
{
try
{
//PKCS8是“BEGIN PRIVATE KEY”
privateKeyPemPkcs8 = privateKeyPemPkcs8.Replace("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
privateKeyPemPkcs8 = privateKeyPemPkcs8.Replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
//pkcs8 文本先转为 .NET XML 私钥字符串
string privateKeyXml = RSAPrivateKeyJava2DotNet(privateKeyPemPkcs8);
RSACryptoServiceProvider publicRsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
publicRsa.FromXmlString(privateKeyXml);
return publicRsa;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// PKCS8 私钥文本 转 .NET XML 私钥文本
/// </summary>
/// <param name="privateKeyPemPkcs8"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string RSAPrivateKeyJava2DotNet(string privateKeyPemPkcs8)
{
RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKeyParam = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(privateKeyPemPkcs8));
return string.Format("<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>{0}</Modulus><Exponent>{1}</Exponent><P>{2}</P><Q>{3}</Q><DP>{4}</DP><DQ>{5}</DQ><InverseQ>{6}</InverseQ><D>{7}</D></RSAKeyValue>",
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()));
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 加载公钥证书
/// </summary>
/// <param name="publicKeyCert">公钥证书文本内容</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadPublicCert(string publicKeyCert)
{
publicKeyCert = publicKeyCert.Replace("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", "").Replace("-----END CERTIFICATE-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
byte[] bytesCerContent = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKeyCert);
X509Certificate2 x509 = new X509Certificate2(bytesCerContent);
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaPub = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)x509.PublicKey.Key;
return rsaPub;
}
/// <summary>
/// pem 公钥文本 转 .NET RSACryptoServiceProvider。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="publicKeyPem"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider LoadPublicKey(string publicKeyPem)
{
publicKeyPem = publicKeyPem.Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim();
//pem 公钥文本 转 .NET XML 公钥文本。
string publicKeyXml = RSAPublicKeyJava2DotNet(publicKeyPem);
RSACryptoServiceProvider publicRsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
publicRsa.FromXmlString(publicKeyXml);
return publicRsa;
}
/// <summary>
/// pem 公钥文本 转 .NET XML 公钥文本。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="publicKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string RSAPublicKeyJava2DotNet(string publicKey)
{
RsaKeyParameters publicKeyParam = (RsaKeyParameters)PublicKeyFactory.CreateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(publicKey));
return string.Format("<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>{0}</Modulus><Exponent>{1}</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>",
Convert.ToBase64String(publicKeyParam.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
Convert.ToBase64String(publicKeyParam.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()));
}
}
}
调用示例：
using CommonUtils;
using System;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleNetFxRsaSign
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
//PKCS8格式私钥
string strPriPkcs8 = "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";
//PKCS1格式私钥
string strPriPkcs1 = "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";
//公钥
string strPub = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB";
string strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC";//待签名字符串
strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC";//待加密字符串，超过117字符的测试
Console.WriteLine("待签名字符串：" + strDJM);
//一、私钥签名
//获取私钥对象
var rsaPri = RsaUtil.LoadPrivateKey(strPriPkcs1, "PKCS1");
//待签名字符串 转为byte 数组
byte[] byToSign = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strDJM); // 编码要和其它语言一致，一般是：UTF8
byte[] bySigned = rsaPri.SignData(byToSign, "SHA256");//SHA256，对应JAVA，SHA256withRSA,签名结果是 byte 数组
string strSigned = Convert.ToBase64String(bySigned);//将byte 数组转为字符串，方便传输，一般是base64字符串，其它类型需和对方协商
Console.WriteLine("签名值：" + strSigned);
//二、公钥验签（验证签名）
//获取公钥对象
var rsaPub = RsaUtil.LoadPublicKey(strPub);
//将对方的签名值转为BYTE数组。
byte[] byToCheckSign = Convert.FromBase64String(strSigned);
//将原始报文转为byte数组
byte[] byBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strDJM);// 编码要和其它语言一致，一般是：UTF8
//验证签名
bool bCheck = rsaPub.VerifyData(byBody,"SHA256", byToCheckSign);//验证签名双方要保持一致
Console.WriteLine("验证签名：" + bCheck.ToString());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("ex:" + ex.Message);
}
Console.WriteLine("hello");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
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标签：私钥,C#,Replace,-----,RSACryptoServiceProvider,byte,binr,签名 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/runliuv/p/17474269.html