实验5 文件应用编程

实验任务6

task6

# 读取并处理原始数据
with open('data6.csv','r',encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    old_data = f.read().split('\n')
del old_data[0]

#  四舍五入得到新数据
new_data = []
for i in range(len(old_data)):
    if eval(old_data[i]) + float(0.5) >= int(eval(old_data[i])) + 1:
        new_data.append(str(int(eval(old_data[i]))+1))
    else:
        new_data.append(str(int(eval(old_data[i]))))
# 形成二维列表
title = ['原始数据','四舍五入后数据']
data = []
for i in range(len(old_data)):
    data.append([old_data[i],new_data[i]])
# 写入
with open('data6.csv','w',encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    f.write(','.join(title) + '\n')
    for i in data:
        f.write(','.join(i) + '\n')

print('原始数据：')
print(old_data)
print('四舍五入后数据：')
print(new_data)

运行结果如图：

实验任务7

 更新数据：

# 读取并处理信息
with open('data7.csv','r',encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    info = f.read().split('\n')
del info[0]

# 首先按专业排序
# 以专业为值创建字典
major_dict = {}
for i in info:
    person_list = i.split(',')
    major_dict[i] = person_list[2]

# 排序
items = [[k,v] for k,v in major_dict.items()]
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])

# 将同一专业的学生放在一起，并按照分数排序
# 计算专业数量并建立专业列表
majors_count = 1
majors_list = []
for i in range(len(items)-1):
    if items[i+1][1] == items[i][1] and items[i][1] not in majors_list:
        majors_list.append(items[i][1])
        pass
    elif items[i+1][1] == items[i][1] and items[i][1] in majors_list:
        pass
    else:
        majors_list.append(items[i+1][1])
        majors_count += 1

# 将相同专业学生放在一起：
for i in range(majors_count):
    x = locals()[f'major{i+1}'] = []  # 循环创建变量
    for j in range(len(items)):
        if items[j][1] == majors_list[i]:
            x.append(items[j][0])
        else:
            pass

# 每个专业内按照分数排序
# 以分数为值创建字典并排序
score_dict1 = {}
for i in major1:
    person_list = i.split(',')
    score_dict1[i] = person_list[3]
items1 = [[k,v] for k,v in score_dict1.items()]
items1.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse = True)

score_dict2 = {}
for i in major2:
    person_list = i.split(',')
    score_dict2[i] = person_list[3]
items2 = [[k,v] for k,v in score_dict2.items()]
items2.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse = True)

together = items1 + items2
final_data = [i[0] for i in together]

# 更新数据文件
final_list = []
for i in final_data:
    person_list = i.split(',')
    final_list.append(person_list)
print(final_list)
title = ['学号','姓名','专业','分数']

with open('data7.csv', 'w', encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    f.write(','.join(title) + '\n')
    for item in final_list:
        f.write(','.join(item) + '\n')

运行结果如图：

 对齐输出，方法来自http://t.csdn.cn/62kXO：

# 对齐打印
# 读取数据
with open('data7.csv', 'r', encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    data = f.read().split('\n')

# 判断是否是中文
def isChinese(ch):
    if ch >='\u4e00' and ch <= '\u9fa5':
        return True
    else:
        return False

# 计算字符长度
def lenStr(string):
    count = 0
    for line in string:
        if isChinese(line):
            count = count + 2
        else:
            count = count + 1
    return count

# 输出
for i in data:
    a = i.split(',')
    b = ''.join([x+' '*(20-lenStr(x)) for x in a])
    print(b)

运行结果如图：

实验任务8

# 统计
lines_count = 0
words_count = 0
chrs_count = 0
space_count = 0
with open('hamlet.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        lines_count += 1
        words_count += len(words)
        chrs_count += len(line)
        for i in list(line):
            if i == ' ':
                space_count += 1
            else:
                pass

print('行数:',lines_count)
print('单词数:',words_count)
print('字符数:',chrs_count)
print('空格数:',space_count)

运行结果如图：

# 给每一行加上序号
with open('hamlet.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
    text = f.readlines()

for i in range(len(text)):
    if text[i]:
        text[i] = str(i+1) + ' ' + text[i]

with open('hamlet.txt','w',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
        f.writelines(text)

运行结果如图：

实验任务⑨

# 判断是否合法
def is_valid(p_id):
    if len(p_id) != 18:
        return False
    else:
        a = p_id[-1]
        b = p_id[:-1]
        if b.isdigit() == True and a == 'X' or p_id.isdigit() == True:
            return True
        else:
            return False

# 读取并筛选出合法的数据
with open('data9_id.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
    info = f.read().split('\n')
    del info[0]
    id_list = []
    for i in info:
        x = i.split(',')
        if x[0] not in id_list and is_valid(x[1]) == True:
            id_list.append([x[0],x[1]])

# 每个人的出生年月日,
import datetime
t = datetime.datetime.now()
year_now = int(t.strftime('%Y%m%d')[0:4])
month_now = int(t.strftime('%Y%m%d')[4:6])
day_now = int(t.strftime('%Y%m%d')[6:8])

year_dict = {}
for i in range(len(id_list)):
    p_id = id_list[i][1]
    year = int(p_id[6:10])
    month = int(p_id[10:12])
    day = int(p_id[12:14])

    p_info = id_list[i][0] + ',' + str(year) + '-' + str(month) + '-' + str(day) + ','
    if month <= month_now and day < day_now: # 判断今年是否已经过生日
        year_dict[p_info] = year_now - year - 1
    else:
        year_dict[p_info] = year_now - year

# 排序
print('姓名，出生日期，年龄')
items = [[k,v] for k,v in year_dict.items()]
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse = True)
for i in items:
    print(f'{i[0]}{i[1]}')

运行结果如图：

实验任务十

task10_1

print(f"{'抽点开始':*^40}")
import random as r
with open('data10_stu.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
        stu = f.readlines()

# 定义抽取函数
def the_lucky_dogs(n):
    stu_list = []
    while True:
        if n != 0:
            i = r.randint(0,len(stu)-1)
            if stu[i] not in stu_list:
                stu_list.append(stu[i])
                print(stu[i])
                n -= 1
            else:
                pass
        else:
            print(f"{'抽点结束':*^40}")
            break

# 抽取
n = int(input('输入随机抽点人数:'))
the_lucky_dogs(n)

运行结果如图：

task10_2

print(f"{'抽点开始':*^40}")
import random as r
with open('data10_stu.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
        stu = f.readlines()

# 定义抽取函数
def the_lucky_dogs(n):
    stu_list = []
    while True:
        if n != 0:
            i = r.randint(0,len(stu)-1)
            if stu[i] not in stu_list:
                stu_list.append(stu[i])
                print(stu[i])
                n -= 1
            else:
                pass
        else:
            break

    for i in stu_list: # 排除之前已经被抽到的学生
        stu.remove(i)
    
# 抽取
while True:
    n = int(input('输入随机抽点人数:'))
    if n != 0:
        the_lucky_dogs(n)
    else:
        print(f"{'抽点结束':*^40}")
        break

运行结果如图：

 实验总结

　　感觉自己文件处理不太熟练，对于各种方法所对应的数据类型不太熟悉，以及各种方法灵活组合使用还需要练习，比如匿名函数排序。另外，通过网上搜索可以找到

许多使用的技巧，大佬们的方法更加easy，思路也很巧妙，应该多加学习。