python-docx - 3 - IPS99技术分享

标签：docx Medium python Accent List style Grid document

1. 样式

1.1 访问样式

使用Document.styles属性访问样式。

from docx import Document
document = Document()
# 获取样式对象，这里面可以像字典一样访问,也可以迭代
styles = document.styles
for style in styles:
    print(style.name, "\t", style.type)

# 获取一个正文样式
print(styles['Normal'])

默认样式以英文方式存储，因此需要通过英文名称访问。

以下是默认样式的列表

Paragraph styles in default template

Normal
Body Text
Body Text 2
Body Text 3
Caption
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6
Heading 7
Heading 8
Heading 9
Intense Quote
List
List 2
List 3
List Bullet
List Bullet 2
List Bullet 3
List Continue
List Continue 2
List Continue 3
List Number
List Number 2
List Number 3
List Paragraph
Macro Text
No Spacing
Quote
Subtitle
TOCHeading
Title

Character styles in default template

Body Text Char
Body Text 2 Char
Body Text 3 Char
Book Title
Default Paragraph Font
Emphasis
Heading 1 Char
Heading 2 Char
Heading 3 Char
Heading 4 Char
Heading 5 Char
Heading 6 Char
Heading 7 Char
Heading 8 Char
Heading 9 Char
Intense Emphasis
Intense Quote Char
Intense Reference
Macro Text Char
Quote Char
Strong
Subtitle Char
Subtle Emphasis
Subtle Reference
Title Char

Table styles in default template

Table Normal
Colorful Grid
Colorful Grid Accent 1
Colorful Grid Accent 2
Colorful Grid Accent 3
Colorful Grid Accent 4
Colorful Grid Accent 5
Colorful Grid Accent 6
Colorful List
Colorful List Accent 1
Colorful List Accent 2
Colorful List Accent 3
Colorful List Accent 4
Colorful List Accent 5
Colorful List Accent 6
Colorful Shading
Colorful Shading Accent 1
Colorful Shading Accent 2
Colorful Shading Accent 3
Colorful Shading Accent 4
Colorful Shading Accent 5
Colorful Shading Accent 6
Dark List
Dark List Accent 1
Dark List Accent 2
Dark List Accent 3
Dark List Accent 4
Dark List Accent 5
Dark List Accent 6
Light Grid
Light Grid Accent 1
Light Grid Accent 2
Light Grid Accent 3
Light Grid Accent 4
Light Grid Accent 5
Light Grid Accent 6
Light List
Light List Accent 1
Light List Accent 2
Light List Accent 3
Light List Accent 4
Light List Accent 5
Light List Accent 6
Light Shading
Light Shading Accent 1
Light Shading Accent 2
Light Shading Accent 3
Light Shading Accent 4
Light Shading Accent 5
Light Shading Accent 6
Medium Grid 1
Medium Grid 1 Accent 1
Medium Grid 1 Accent 2
Medium Grid 1 Accent 3
Medium Grid 1 Accent 4
Medium Grid 1 Accent 5
Medium Grid 1 Accent 6
Medium Grid 2
Medium Grid 2 Accent 1
Medium Grid 2 Accent 2
Medium Grid 2 Accent 3
Medium Grid 2 Accent 4
Medium Grid 2 Accent 5
Medium Grid 2 Accent 6
Medium Grid 3
Medium Grid 3 Accent 1
Medium Grid 3 Accent 2
Medium Grid 3 Accent 3
Medium Grid 3 Accent 4
Medium Grid 3 Accent 5
Medium Grid 3 Accent 6
Medium List 1
Medium List 1 Accent 1
Medium List 1 Accent 2
Medium List 1 Accent 3
Medium List 1 Accent 4
Medium List 1 Accent 5
Medium List 1 Accent 6
Medium List 2
Medium List 2 Accent 1
Medium List 2 Accent 2
Medium List 2 Accent 3
Medium List 2 Accent 4
Medium List 2 Accent 5
Medium List 2 Accent 6
Medium Shading 1
Medium Shading 1 Accent 1
Medium Shading 1 Accent 2
Medium Shading 1 Accent 3
Medium Shading 1 Accent 4
Medium Shading 1 Accent 5
Medium Shading 1 Accent 6
Medium Shading 2
Medium Shading 2 Accent 1
Medium Shading 2 Accent 2
Medium Shading 2 Accent 3
Medium Shading 2 Accent 4
Medium Shading 2 Accent 5
Medium Shading 2 Accent 6
Table Grid

1.2 应用样式

Paragraph, Run, Table对象都有一个style属性，赋值即可应用样式。

from docx import Document
document = Document()

# 添加时指定样式
document.add_paragraph("标题1", style="Heading 1")
# 直接通用字符串指定样式
p = document.add_paragraph("标题2")
p.style = "Heading 2"
# 通过字典的方式指定样式
p = document.add_paragraph("标题3")
p.style = document.styles['Heading 3']

document.save("1.docx")

1.3 添加和删除样式

1.3.1 添加样式

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE
from docx.shared import Pt

document = Document()
styles = document.styles
# 添加新样式。名字是：My_style， type是：PARAGRAPH
# type: CHARACTER, LIST, PARAGRAPH, TABLE
style = styles.add_style('My_style', style_type=WD_STYLE_TYPE.PARAGRAPH)
style.font.size = Pt(16)

document.add_paragraph("hello world", style='My_style')
document.save("1.docx")

1.3.2 删除样式

styles['My_style'].delete()

1.4 字符与段落样式【例】

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Pt

text = '燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：如今又到了哪里呢？'

document = Document()
styles = document.styles
# 添加样式
style = styles.add_style('My_style', style_type=WD_STYLE_TYPE.PARAGRAPH)
style.font.size = Pt(16)
style.font.name = "仿宋"
style.font.element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), style.font.name)
# 首先缩进
style.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = style.font.size * 2
# 1.5倍行距
style.paragraph_format.line_spacing = 1.5

document.add_paragraph(text, style='My_style')
document.save("1.docx")

style里面的font可以设置字符样式，paragraph_format可以设置段落样式。

2. 表格

2.1 添加表格

from docx import Document

document = Document()
# 添加5行3列的表格
table = document.add_table(5, 3, style="Table Grid")
document.save("1.docx")

2.2 添加行和列

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Cm

document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=1, style="Table Grid")
# 下面加一行
table.add_row()
# 右侧加一列，宽度3.5厘米
table.add_column(Cm(3.5))
document.save("1.docx")

2.3 行和列对象

结构：一个表格（Table），表格里有行（Row），列（Column），行或列里有单元格（Cell）

from docx import Document

document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
# 获取所有行
print(table.rows)
# 获取所有列
print(table.columns)
# 按行遍历单元格
for row in table.rows:
    for cell in row.cells:
        print(cell)
# 按列遍历单元格
for col in table.columns:
    for cell in col.cells:
        print(cell)
document.save("1.docx")

在行和列对象里，有一个table属性，指向所属表格对象。

from docx import Document
document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
print(table.rows[1].table)

2.3.1 行高和列宽

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_ROW_HEIGHT_RULE
from docx.shared import Cm

document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
for i in range(len(table.rows)):
    if i == 2:
        # 指定行高
        table.rows[i].height = Cm(3)
    else:
        # 精确值
        table.rows[i].height_rule = WD_ROW_HEIGHT_RULE.EXACTLY
        table.rows[i].height = Cm(0.2)

document.save("1.docx")

WD_ROW_HEIGHT_RULE中可以指定：

AUTO 调整行高以适应行中的最高值。
AT_LEAST 行高至少是指定的最小值。
EXACTLY 行高是一个精确的值。

列宽我测试单独设置一个格不好使，所有单元格都设置才有用：

from docx.shared import Cm

document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
# 第3列
col = table.columns[2]
for c in col.cells:
    c.width = Cm(15)
document.save("1.docx")

2.4 单元格


document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
# 指定位置
cell = table.cell(0,0)
print(cell)

2.4.1 单元格文本

document = Document()
table = document.add_table(rows=5, cols=4, style="Table Grid")
# 样式
table.style.font.size = Pt(15)
table.style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 255, 255)
cell = table.cell(0, 0)
cell.text = "hello world"

cell: _Cell = table.cell(0, 1)
cell.text = "第二格"
# 垂直对齐
cell.vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
# 水平对齐
cell.paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
document.save("1.docx")

通过text读取和写入，也可以获取cell中的段落，之后添加文本并修饰。

标签：docx,Medium,python,Accent,List,style,Grid,document
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/three-sheep/p/17418730.html

python-docx - 3