标签：上传 python 微信 resp access url token file config
前言
小程序上了云托管后不打算继续使用其他图床，而是使用云托管自带的图床。而由于时间紧迫只能在本地使用云托管提供的服务器调用对象存储 api
云托管上传文件的文档在这里
上传文件文档
如果你上传带有中文名的文件，或者上传的路径有中文名时，需要修改一下 requests 库的源码，否则文件上传成功后无法活动下载链接
修改 requests/models.py 的 prepare_body 里的 complexjson.dumps 参数，加一个 ensure_ascii=False
修改内容
流程
获取小程序总体流程可以简单分为下面几步
- 1、获取调用凭证 access_token
- 2、获取文件上传消息
- 3、上传文件
- 4、获取下载文件的链接
准备 config 文件
因为 access_token 每天都有调用上限，且有 2 小时时限，最好是将 access_token 缓存下来，因此这里使用简单的 json 文件来存
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{
"appid": null, // 小程序appid 必填
"secret": null, // app secret 必填
"env": null, // 云托管环境 env
"create_time": null, // token创建时间 自动生成
"expires_in": null, // token过期时间 自动生成
"access_token": null // token 自动生成
}
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然后是 config 的读取和保存
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def load_config(path="./config.json"):
"""
获取配置，主要是读取缓存的access_token
args: 读取路径
return: config
"""
with open(path, "r") as f:
config = json.load(f)
return config
def save_config(config, path="./config.json"):
"""
保持配置
args: 读取路径
"""
with open(path, "w") as f:
json.dump(config, f, indent=4)
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获取接口调用凭证
接下来根据我们读取的 config 来获取 access_token
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def get_access_token(appid: str, secret: str, config) -> str:
"""
获取调用凭证
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/api-backend/open-api/access-token/auth.getAccessToken.html
args:
apppid: 小程序appid
secret: 小程序appSecret
return: access_token
"""
# 检查本地token
token = config["access_token"]
try:
now = int(time.time())
if None == token or (now - config["create_time"]) > config["expires_in"]:
resp = requests.get(
"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}".format(
appid, secret
)
)
resp = resp.json()
if None == resp["access_token"]:
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
# 缓存处理
config["access_token"] = resp["access_token"]
config["create_time"] = int(time.time())
config["expires_in"] = resp["expires_in"]
return config["access_token"]
except Exception as e:
print("获取access token失败")
raise e
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获取云存储上传文件消息
在正式上传前需要获取上传文件的信息，比如上传路径，签名等
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def get_upload_file_info(access_token: str, env: str, path: str):
"""
上传文件信息
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/upload.html
args:
access_token:
env: 云托管的路径
path: 存放位置
return:
json: {
errcode,
errmsg,
url,
token,
authorization,
file_id,
cos_file_id
}
"""
try:
url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/tcb/uploadfile?access_token={0}".format(
access_token
)
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"}
data = {"env": env, "path": path}
resp = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)
# 转json
resp = resp.json()
if 0 != resp["errcode"]:
print(resp["errmsg"])
print(resp)
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
# 返回上传文件信息
return resp
except Exception as e:
print("获取文件上传链接失败")
raise e
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上传文件
获取文件上传信息后，需要根据改信息上传文件
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def upload_file(url, request_path, authorization, token, file_id, file):
"""
上传文件
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/upload.html
args:
url: 上传图片路径 由get_upload获得的url
request_path: 上传路径，和get_upload_file_info内部的一致
authorization: info返回的token
file_id: cos_file_id
file: 文件的二进制数据
return: None
"""
try:
form = {
"key": request_path,
"Signature": authorization,
"x-cos-security-token": token,
"x-cos-meta-fileid": file_id,
"file": file,
}
resp = requests.post(url=url, files=form)
return resp
except Exception as e:
print("上传文件失败")
raise e
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获取文件下载链接
上传文件后是没有返回信息的，需要我们根据文件上信息的 file_id 获取
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def get_download_link(access_token, env, file_id):
"""
获取文件下载链接
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/download.html
args:
access_token: 调用token
env: 云环境env
file_id: file_id
return: 文件下载链接
"""
try:
url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/tcb/batchdownloadfile?access_token={0}".format(
access_token
)
#headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
data = {
"env": env,
"file_list": [
{
"fileid": file_id
# max_age
}
],
}
resp = requests.post(url, json=data)
resp = resp.json()
if 0 != resp["errcode"]:
print(resp["errmsg"])
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
return resp["file_list"][0]["download_url"]
except Exception as e:
print("获取下载链接失败")
raise e
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汇总
各个流程编写完成后简单汇总一下
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def wx_upload_file(config, filepath, uploadpath):
"""
上传文件
args:
config: 配置
filepath: 文件的路径
uploadpath: 上传的路径，不能以/开头，以/结尾
return: url
"""
realpath = os.path.realpath(filepath)
filename = os.path.basename(realpath)
with open(realpath, "rb") as f:
data = f.read()
# 获取access_token
token = get_access_token(config["appid"], config["secret"], config)
# 获取上传文件链接
info = get_upload_file_info(token, config["env"], uploadpath + filename)
upload_file(
info["url"],
uploadpath + filename,
info["authorization"],
info["token"],
info["cos_file_id"],
data,
)
download_url = get_download_link(token, config["env"], info['file_id'])
return (download_url, info['file_id'])
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完整代码
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import requests
import json
import time
import os
def get_access_token(appid: str, secret: str, config) -> str:
"""
获取调用凭证
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/api-backend/open-api/access-token/auth.getAccessToken.html
args:
apppid: 小程序appid
secret: 小程序appSecret
return: access_token
"""
# 检查本地token
token = config["access_token"]
try:
now = int(time.time())
if None == token or (now - config["create_time"]) > config["expires_in"]:
resp = requests.get(
"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}".format(
appid, secret
)
)
resp = resp.json()
if None == resp["access_token"]:
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
# 缓存处理
config["access_token"] = resp["access_token"]
config["create_time"] = int(time.time())
config["expires_in"] = resp["expires_in"]
return config["access_token"]
except Exception as e:
print("获取access token失败")
raise e
def get_upload_file_info(access_token: str, env: str, path: str):
"""
上传文件信息
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/upload.html
args:
access_token:
env: 云托管的路径
path: 存放位置
return:
json: {
errcode,
errmsg,
url,
token,
authorization,
file_id,
cos_file_id
}
"""
try:
url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/tcb/uploadfile?access_token={0}".format(
access_token
)
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"}
data = {"env": env, "path": path}
resp = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)
# 转json
resp = resp.json()
if 0 != resp["errcode"]:
print(resp["errmsg"])
print(resp)
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
# 返回上传文件信息
return resp
except Exception as e:
print("获取文件上传链接失败")
raise e
def upload_file(url, request_path, authorization, token, file_id, file):
"""
上传文件
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/upload.html
args:
url: 上传图片路径 由get_upload获得的url
request_path: 上传路径，和get_upload_file_info内部的一致
authorization: info返回的token
file_id: cos_file_id
file: 文件的二进制数据
return: None
"""
try:
form = {
"key": request_path,
"Signature": authorization,
"x-cos-security-token": token,
"x-cos-meta-fileid": file_id,
"file": file,
}
resp = requests.post(url=url, files=form)
return resp
except Exception as e:
print("上传文件失败")
raise e
def get_download_link(access_token, env, file_id):
"""
获取文件下载链接
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloudrun/src/development/storage/service/download.html
args:
access_token: 调用token
env: 云环境env
file_id: file_id
return: 文件下载链接
"""
try:
url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/tcb/batchdownloadfile?access_token={0}".format(
access_token
)
#headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
data = {
"env": env,
"file_list": [
{
"fileid": file_id
# max_age
}
],
}
resp = requests.post(url, json=data)
resp = resp.json()
if 0 != resp["errcode"]:
print(resp["errmsg"])
raise Exception(resp["errmsg"])
return resp["file_list"][0]["download_url"]
except Exception as e:
print("获取下载链接失败")
raise e
def load_config(path="./config.json"):
"""
获取配置，主要是读取缓存的access_token
args: 读取路径
return: config
"""
with open(path, "r") as f:
config = json.load(f)
return config
def save_config(config, path="./config.json"):
"""
保持配置
args: 读取路径
"""
with open(path, "w") as f:
json.dump(config, f, indent=4)
def wx_upload_file(config, filepath, uploadpath):
"""
上传文件
args:
config: 配置
filepath: 文件的路径
uploadpath: 上传的路径，不能以/开头，以/结尾
return: url
"""
realpath = os.path.realpath(filepath)
filename = os.path.basename(realpath)
with open(realpath, "rb") as f:
data = f.read()
# 获取access_token
token = get_access_token(config["appid"], config["secret"], config)
# 获取上传文件链接
info = get_upload_file_info(token, config["env"], uploadpath + filename)
upload_file(
info["url"],
uploadpath + filename,
info["authorization"],
info["token"],
info["cos_file_id"],
data,
)
download_url = get_download_link(token, config["env"], info['file_id'])
return (download_url, info['file_id'])
if __name__ == "__main__":
config = load_config("./config.json")
#print(wx_upload_file(config, "121.jpg", "temp3/"))
# 有url
# print(wx_upload_file(config,'./temp.jpg','temp3/'))
#
# # 无url
path = "./154190339_附件/"
filenames = os.listdir(path)
for filename in filenames:
print(filename)
image = os.path.join(path, filename)
url = wx_upload_file(config, image, "temp3/")
print(url)
save_config(config, "./config.json")
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后记
有一说一，腾讯提供的 cdn 还是比之前自己搭建的要快很多，很舒服，就是花钱很难受。
文章作者: qxdn
文章链接: https://qianxu.run/2022/05/01/wx-cloud-upload/
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来自 qxdn 的乐园！
标签：上传,
python,
微信,
resp,
access,
url,
token,
file,
config
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ministep/p/17342619.html