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GUI编程

时间：2023-04-20 18:58:15浏览次数：33  
标签：java GUI 编程 add frame import new public

GUI编程

组件：

  • 窗口
  • 弹窗
  • 面板
  • 文本框
  • 列表框
  • 按钮
  • 图片
  • 监听事件
  • 鼠标
  • 键盘事件
  • 破解工具

1. 简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT，因为界面不美观。

​ 1.需要GRE环境

​ 2.需要界面不美观

为什么要学习？

​ 1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具

​ 2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到Swing界面，但是概率极小

​ 3、了解MVC框架，了解监听！

2. AWT

2.1 Awt介绍

  1. 包含了很多的类和接口！ GUI：图形用户界面变成

  2. 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框

  3. java.awt

    image-20230413215412453

2.2 组件和容器

1. Frame

package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame,jdk
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图形界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性   w   h
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色   Color
        //new Color()
        frame.setBackground(new Color(1, 1, 1));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

    }
}

image-20230414153422209

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止java程序！

尝试回顾封装：

package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    static int id =0;//可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);

    }

}

image-20230414154948661

2. 面板

解决了关闭事件

package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

//panel 面板，可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(1,1,1));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(255, 255, 255));

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        //窗口可见
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件   System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

image-20230414162324833

2.3 布局管理器

  • 流式布局FlowLayout

    package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        frame.setBounds(200,200,200,200);

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }
}

  • 东西南北中BorderLayout

    package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(500,500);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0 );
            }
        });
    }
}

  • 表格布局 Grid

    package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        //frame.pack();//java函数,调整窗口的大小，使其适应组件的大小和布局,窗口自动适应大小，使窗口能正好显示里面所有的控件.

        frame.setSize(500,500);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

课堂练习：：

image-20230414191137411

分析过程：

image-20230414191330092

代码实现：

package com.xx.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ExDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总，Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        //frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        //Button 按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");
        Button button7 = new Button("button7");
        Button button8 = new Button("button8");
        Button button9 = new Button("button9");
        Button button10 = new Button("butto10");

        //4个面板
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        panel1.add(button1,BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(button4,BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel2.add(button2);
        panel2.add(button3);

        panel3.add(button5,BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel3.add(button10,BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel4.add(button6);
        panel4.add(button7);
        panel4.add(button8);
        panel4.add(button9);







    }
}

image-20230414191423208

总结：

  1. Frame是一个顶级窗口

  2. Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中

  3. 布局管理器

    1. 流式
    2. 东西南北中
    3. 表格

  4. 大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

2.4 事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干......

package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("输出aaaa");

        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame); //关闭窗口

    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaaa");
    }
}

多个按钮，共享一个事件

package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始   停止
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //ee.getActionCommand()  获取按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg==>"+e.getActionCommand());
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("star")){

        }

    }
}

2.5 输入框TextField监听

package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动！
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
    public static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField)e.getSource();     //获得一些资源，返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());       //获得输入框中的文本
        field.setText("");//null  ""
    }
}

2.6 简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾学习

oop原则：组合，大于继承！

package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    public Calculator(){
        //三个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);

        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        MyCalculatorActionListener myCalculatorActionListener = new MyCalculatorActionListener(num1,num2,num3);
        button.addActionListener(myCalculatorActionListener);

        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }


}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorActionListener implements ActionListener {
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyCalculatorActionListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获取加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值 + 运算后放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框内的数据
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改为面相对象写法：

package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //组件
        //三个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //监听器
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorActionListener(this));

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorActionListener implements ActionListener {
    //获取对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorActionListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获取加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(this.calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(this.calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值 + 运算后放到第三个框
        this.calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框内的数据
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类：

  • 更好的包装

    package com.xx.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //组件
        //三个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //监听器
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorActionListener());

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法！
    private class MyCalculatorActionListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获取加数和被加数
            //2.将这个值 + 运算后放到第三个框
            //3.清除前两个框内的数据
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7 画笔

package com.xx.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFram();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame {

    public void loadFram(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

2.8 鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画！

package com.xx.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//测试鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{

    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器，需要针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        setVisible(true);

    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，需要监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }

    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标： 按下、弹起、按住不放
        @Override
        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点！
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新


        }
    }

}

image-20230417143946539

2.9 窗口监听

package com.xx.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.green);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        addWindowListener(
                    //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowOpened");
                    }
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosed");
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        WindowFrame title = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                        title.setTitle("被激活了");
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }

                });
    }
//    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
//        @Override
//        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//            setVisible(false); //隐藏窗口：通过按钮，隐藏当前窗口
//            System.exit(0);// exit(0)正常退出
//        }
//    }
}

2.10 键盘监听

package com.xx.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;

//键盘监听
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,400,300);

        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if(keyCode ==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据按下的不同操作，产生不同的结果
            }
        });
    }
}

3. Swing

3.1 窗口、面板

package com.xx.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo01 {

    //init()初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        jf.setBackground(Color.green);

        //设置文字 Jlabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("这是一串文字");

        jf.add(label);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo01().init();
    }
}

标签居中:

package com.xx.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDomo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame2().init();

    }
}

class MyJFrame2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,400,300);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("这是一串字符");
        add(label);

        //让文本标签居中，设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
    }

}

3.2 弹窗

JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件！

package com.xx.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("aaa");
        //label.setVisible(true);
        label.setBounds(100,100,100,100);//label设置了大小之后才会显示
        container.add(label);
    }
}

3.3 标签

label

new JLabel("xxx")

图标 ICON

package com.xx.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int height;
    private int weight;

    public IconDemo(){
    }
    public IconDemo(int height, int weight){
        this.height=height;
        this.weight=weight;

    }
    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("IconDemo",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();

    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,weight,height);
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.weight;
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片ICON

package com.xx.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel();
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("报名照片2.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel

package com.xx.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestJPanel extends JFrame {
    public TestJPanel(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面参数的意思：上、下间距
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        pack();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestJPanel();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

package com.xx.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎到来狂神说java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

图片按钮

package com.xx.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("报名照片2.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //把图片放到按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

  • 单选按钮 JRadioButto、ButtonGroup

    package com.xx.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("报名照片2.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

  • 复选按钮 JCheckBox

package com.xx.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("报名照片2.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox2");

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6 列表

  • 下拉框

    package com.xx.lesson06;

import javafx.scene.control.ComboBox;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        status.addItem("已下架");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,350);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01(); 
    }
}

  • 列表框

    package com.xx.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
        //1.静态数据
        //String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
        //2.动态数据
        Vector contents = new Vector();
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList list = new JList(contents);

        contents.add("张三");
        contents.add("李四");
        contents.add("王五");

        container.add(list);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,350);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

  • 应用场景

    1. 选择地区，或者一些单个选项，
    2. 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容！

3.7 文本框

  • 文本框 new JTextField

    package com.xx.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,350);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

  • 密码框 new JPasswordField()

    package com.xx.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //密码框
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//默认是圆点·
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,350);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo02();
    }
}

  • 文本域 new JTextArea(20,50)

    package com.xx.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo03(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域,可以回车换行
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习JAVA");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,350);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo03();
    }
}

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧， 60帧。 连起来是动画，拆开就是静态的图片！

键盘监听

定时器 Timer

  • 启动类 StartGame

    package com.xx.snake;

import javax.swing.*;

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();

        //正常的游戏界面都应该放在面板上
        frame.add(new GamePanel());

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(50,50,900,720);
        frame.setResizable(false);//窗口大小不可变


    }
}

  • 面板类 GamePanel

    package com.xx.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {

    //定义蛇的数据结构
    private int length;//蛇的长度
    private int[] snakeX = new int[600];//蛇的X坐标 25*25
    private int[] snakeY = new int[500];//蛇的Y坐标 25*25
    String fx = "R";//初始方向向右

    //食物的坐标
    private int foodX;
    private int foodY;
    Random random = new Random();

    int score;//积分

    //游戏当前的状态： 开始 停止
    boolean isStart = false;//默认是停止

    boolean isFail = false;//游戏失败状态

    //定时器,单位是毫秒 1000=1s 1秒10次
    Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);

    //构造器
    public GamePanel() {
        init();
        //获得焦点和键盘事件
        this.setFocusable(true); //获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
        timer.start();//游戏一开始定时器就启动

    }
    //初始化方法
    public void init(){
        this.length = 3;
        snakeX[0] =100;snakeY[0] = 100;//蛇头的坐标
        snakeX[1] =75;snakeY[1] = 100;//蛇第一段身体的坐标
        snakeX[2] =50;snakeY[2] = 100;//蛇第二段身体的坐标
        fx ="R";//初始方向向右

        //把食物随机分布在界面上！
        foodX = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25*random.nextInt(24);

        score = 0;
    }


    //绘制面板，我们游戏中的所有东西，都使用这个画笔来画
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);//清屏
        //绘制静态的面板
        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11);//头部广告栏画上去
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600);//默认的游戏界面

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));
        g.drawString("长度： "+length,750,35);
        g.drawString("分数： "+score,750,55);

        //画食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodX,foodY);

        //把小蛇画上去
        //绘制蛇头，蛇头初始方向向右，需要通过方向来判断
        switch (fx){
            case "R":
                Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
                break;
            case "L":
                Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
                break;
            case "U":
                Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
                break;
            case "D":
                Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
                break;
        }
        //绘制蛇身体
        for (int i = 1; i <length ; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);
        }

        //游戏状态
        if(isStart==false){
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            //设置字体
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
        }
        if (isFail==true){
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("失败，按下空格重新开始",300,300);

        }

    }

    //键盘监听事件
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得键盘按压的是哪一个
        if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){//如果按下的是空格键
            //判断游戏是否结束
            if (isFail){
                //重新开始
                isFail =false;
                init();
            }
            isStart = !isStart;//取反
            repaint();//重新绘制
        }
        //小蛇移动
        if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx ="U";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx ="D";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx ="L";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx ="R";
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
    }
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
    }

    //事件监听---需要通过固定时间来刷新，1s 10次
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (isStart &&isFail==false){//如果游戏是开始状态，就让小蛇动起来！

            //吃食物
            if (snakeX[0]==foodX &&snakeY[0]==foodY){
                //长度+1
                length++;
                score+=10;//每吃一个食物，分数+1
                //再次随机食物
                foodX = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);
                foodY = 75 + 25*random.nextInt(24);
            }

            //移动
            for (int i = length-1; i >0 ; i--) {//后一节移到前一节的位置 snakeX[1]=snakeX[0]
                snakeX[i]=snakeX[i-1];
                snakeY[i]=snakeY[i-1];
            }
            //走向+边界判断
            if (fx.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
                if (snakeX[0]>850){ snakeX[0]=25;}
            }else if (fx.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]-25;
                if (snakeX[0]<25){ snakeX[0]=850;}
            }else if (fx.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]-25;
                if (snakeY[0]<75){ snakeY[0]=650; }
            }else if (fx.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]+25;
                if (snakeY[0]>650){ snakeY[0]=75; }
            }

            //失败事件判定，撞到自己就算失败
            for (int i = 1; i <length ; i++) {
                if (snakeX[0]==snakeX[i]&&snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]){
                    isFail =true;
                }
            }

            repaint();//重画页面
        }
        timer.start();//定时器开启
    }
}

  • 数据类 Data

    package com.xx.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Data {

    //相对路径  tx.jpg
    //绝对路径  / 相当于当前目录
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");

    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}

image-20230420171007143

image-20230420171425263

标签：java,GUI,编程,add,frame,import,new,public
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/xjxjava/p/17337955.html

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