编写HTTP Server
我们来看一下如何编写HTTP Server。一个HTTP Server本质上是一个TCP服务器，我们先用TCP编程的多线程实现的服务器端框架：
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8080); // 监听指定端口
System.out.println("server is running...");
for (;;) {
Socket sock = ss.accept();
System.out.println("connected from " + sock.getRemoteSocketAddress());
Thread t = new Handler(sock);
t.start();
}
}
}
class Handler extends Thread {
Socket sock;
public Handler(Socket sock) {
this.sock = sock;
}
public void run() {
try (InputStream input = this.sock.getInputStream()) {
try (OutputStream output = this.sock.getOutputStream()) {
handle(input, output);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
this.sock.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
}
System.out.println("client disconnected.");
}
}
private void handle(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
var writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
// TODO: 处理HTTP请求
}
}
只需要在handle()方法中，用Reader读取HTTP请求，用Writer发送HTTP响应，即可实现一个最简单的HTTP服务器。编写代码如下：
private void handle(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
System.out.println("Process new http request...");
var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
var writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
// 读取HTTP请求:
boolean requestOk = false;
String first = reader.readLine();
if (first.startsWith("GET / HTTP/1.")) {
requestOk = true;
}
for (;;) {
String header = reader.readLine();
if (header.isEmpty()) { // 读取到空行时, HTTP Header读取完毕
break;
}
System.out.println(header);
}
System.out.println(requestOk ? "Response OK" : "Response Error");
if (!requestOk) {
// 发送错误响应:
writer.write("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n");
writer.write("Content-Length: 0\r\n");
writer.write("\r\n");
writer.flush();
} else {
// 发送成功响应:
String data = "<html><body><h1>Hello, world!</h1></body></html>";
int length = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length;
writer.write("HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
writer.write("Connection: close\r\n");
writer.write("Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
writer.write("Content-Length: " + length + "\r\n");
writer.write("\r\n"); // 空行标识Header和Body的分隔
writer.write(data);
writer.flush();
}
}