Python学习之路-python基础二-第三篇

class file(object):

    def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        关闭文件

        """

        close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer.  Close the file.

        Sets data attribute .closed to True.  A closed file cannot be used for

        further I/O operations.  close() may be called more than once without

        error.  Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())

        may return an exit status upon closing.

        """

    def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        文件描述符 

         """

        fileno() -> integer "file descriptor".

        This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read().

        """

        return 0   

    def flush(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        刷新文件内部缓冲区

        """ flush() -> None.  Flush the internal I/O buffer. """

        pass

    def isatty(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        判断文件是否是同意tty设备

        """ isatty() -> true or false.  True if the file is connected to a tty device. """

        return False

    def next(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        获取下一行数据，不存在，则报错

        """ x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration """

        pass

    def read(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        读取指定字节数据

        """

        read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.

        If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.

        Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested

        may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.

        """

        pass

    def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        读取到缓冲区，不要用，将被遗弃

        """ readinto() -> Undocumented.  Don't use this; it may go away. """

        pass

    def readline(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        仅读取一行数据

        """

        readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.

        Retain newline.  A non-negative size argument limits the maximum

        number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).

        Return an empty string at EOF.

        """

        pass

    def readlines(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        读取所有数据，并根据换行保存值列表

        """

        readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.

        Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.

        The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the

        total number of bytes in the lines returned.

        """

        return []

    def seek(self, offset, whence=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        指定文件中指针位置

        """

        seek(offset[, whence]) -> None.  Move to new file position.

        Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to

        0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1

        (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move

        relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow

        seeking beyond the end of a file).  If the file is opened in text mode,

        only offsets returned by tell() are legal.  Use of other offsets causes

        undefined behavior.

        Note that not all file objects are seekable.

        """

        pass

    def tell(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        获取当前指针位置

        """ tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer). """

        pass

    def truncate(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        截断数据，仅保留指定之前数据

        """

        truncate([size]) -> None.  Truncate the file to at most size bytes.

        Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().

        """

        pass

    def write(self, p_str): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        写内容

        """

        write(str) -> None.  Write string str to file.

        Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before

        the file on disk reflects the data written.

        """

        pass

    def writelines(self, sequence_of_strings): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        将一个字符串列表写入文件

        """

        writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None.  Write the strings to the file.

        Note that newlines are not added.  The sequence can be any iterable object

        producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.

        """

        pass

    def xreadlines(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        可用于逐行读取文件，非全部

        """

        xreadlines() -> returns self.

        For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance

        optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module.

        """

        pass

with open('log','r') as f:

    ...

with open('log1') as obj1, open('log2') as obj2:

    pass

#原配置文件

global      

        log 127.0.0.1 local2

        daemon

        maxconn 256

        log 127.0.0.1 local2 info

defaults

        log global

        mode http

        timeout connect 5000ms

        timeout client 50000ms

        timeout server 50000ms

        option  dontlognull

listen stats :8888

        stats enable

        stats uri       /admin

        stats auth      admin:1234

frontend oldboy.org

        bind 0.0.0.0:80

        option httplog

        option httpclose

        option  forwardfor

        log global

        acl www hdr_reg(host) -i www.oldboy.org

        use_backend www.oldboy.org if www

backend www.oldboy.org

        server 100.1.7.9 100.1.7.9 weight 20 maxconn 3000

原配置文件

#需求

1、查

    输入：www.oldboy.org

    获取当前backend下的所有记录

2、新建

    输入：

        arg = {

            'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org',

            'record':{

                'server': '100.1.7.9',

                'weight': 20,

                'maxconn': 30

            }

        }

3、删除

    输入：

        arg = {

            'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org',

            'record':{

                'server': '100.1.7.9',

                'weight': 20,

                'maxconn': 30

            }

        }

需求

#demo

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import json

import os

def fetch(backend):

    backend_title = 'backend %s' % backend

    record_list = []

    with open('ha') as obj:

        flag = False

        for line in obj:

            line = line.strip()

            if line == backend_title:

                flag = True

                continue

            if flag and line.startswith('backend'):

                flag = False

                break

            if flag and line:

                record_list.append(line)

    return record_list

def add(dict_info):

    backend = dict_info.get('backend')

    record_list = fetch(backend)

    backend_title = "backend %s" % backend

    current_record = "server %s %s weight %d maxconn %d" % (dict_info['record']['server'], dict_info['record']['server'], dict_info['record']['weight'], dict_info['record']['maxconn'])

    if not record_list:

        record_list.append(backend_title)

        record_list.append(current_record)

        with open('ha') as read_file, open('ha.new', 'w') as write_file:

            flag = False

            for line in read_file:

                write_file.write(line)

            for i in record_list:

                if i.startswith('backend'):

                    write_file.write(i+'\n')

                else:

                    write_file.write("%s%s\n" % (8*" ", i))

    else:

        record_list.insert(0, backend_title)

        if current_record not in record_list:

            record_list.append(current_record)

        with open('ha') as read_file, open('ha.new', 'w') as write_file:

            flag = False

            has_write = False

            for line in read_file:

                line_strip = line.strip()

                if line_strip == backend_title:

                    flag = True

                    continue

                if flag and line_strip.startswith('backend'):

                    flag = False

                if not flag:

                    write_file.write(line)

                else:

                    if not has_write:

                        for i in record_list:

                            if i.startswith('backend'):

                                write_file.write(i+'\n')

                            else:

                                write_file.write("%s%s\n" % (8*" ", i))

                    has_write = True

    os.rename('ha','ha.bak')

    os.rename('ha.new','ha')

def remove(dict_info):

    backend = dict_info.get('backend')

    record_list = fetch(backend)

    backend_title = "backend %s" % backend

    current_record = "server %s %s weight %d maxconn %d" % (dict_info['record']['server'], dict_info['record']['server'], dict_info['record']['weight'], dict_info['record']['maxconn'])

    if not record_list:

        return

    else:

        if current_record not in record_list:

            return

        else:

            del record_list[record_list.index(current_record)]

            if len(record_list) > 0:

                record_list.insert(0, backend_title)

        with open('ha') as read_file, open('ha.new', 'w') as write_file:

            flag = False

            has_write = False

            for line in read_file:

                line_strip = line.strip()

                if line_strip == backend_title:

                    flag = True

                    continue

                if flag and line_strip.startswith('backend'):

                    flag = False

                if not flag:

                    write_file.write(line)

                else:

                    if not has_write:

                        for i in record_list:

                            if i.startswith('backend'):

                                write_file.write(i+'\n')

                            else:

                                write_file.write("%s%s\n" % (8*" ", i))

                    has_write = True

    os.rename('ha','ha.bak')

    os.rename('ha.new','ha')

if __name__ == '__main__':

    """

    print '1、获取；2、添加；3、删除'

    num = raw_input('请输入序号：')

    data = raw_input('请输入内容：')

    if num == '1':

        fetch(data)

    else:

        dict_data = json.loads(data)

        if num == '2':

            add(dict_data)

        elif num == '3':

            remove(dict_data)

        else:

            pass

    """

    #data = "www.oldboy.org"

    #fetch(data)

    #data = '{"backend": "tettst.oldboy.org","record":{"server": "100.1.7.90","weight": 20,"maxconn": 30}}'

    #dict_data = json.loads(data)

    #add(dict_data)

    #remove(dict_data)

demo

while True：

    if cpu利用率 > 90%:

        #发送邮件提醒

        连接邮箱服务器

        发送邮件

        关闭连接

    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:

        #发送邮件提醒

        连接邮箱服务器

        发送邮件

        关闭连接

    if 内存占用 > 80%:

        #发送邮件提醒

        连接邮箱服务器

        发送邮件

        关闭连接

def 发送邮件(内容)

    #发送邮件提醒

    连接邮箱服务器

    发送邮件

    关闭连接

while True：

    if cpu利用率 > 90%:

        发送邮件('CPU报警')

    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:

        发送邮件('硬盘报警')

    if 内存占用 > 80%:

def 函数名(参数):

    ...

    函数体

    ...

def 发送短信():

    发送短信的代码...

    if 发送成功:

        return True

    else:

        return False

while True:

    # 每次执行发送短信函数，都会将返回值自动赋值给result

    # 之后，可以根据result来写日志，或重发等操作

    result = 发送短信()

    if result == False:

        记录日志，短信发送失败...

#上例，无参数实现

def CPU报警邮件()

    #发送邮件提醒

    连接邮箱服务器

    发送邮件

    关闭连接

def 硬盘报警邮件()

    #发送邮件提醒

    连接邮箱服务器

    发送邮件

    关闭连接

def 内存报警邮件()

    #发送邮件提醒

    连接邮箱服务器

    发送邮件

    关闭连接

while True：

    if cpu利用率 > 90%:

        CPU报警邮件（）

    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:

        硬盘报警邮件（）

    if 内存占用 > 80%:

        内存报警邮件（）

上例，无参数实现

#上列，有参数实现

def 发送邮件(邮件内容)

    #发送邮件提醒

    连接邮箱服务器

    发送邮件

    关闭连接

while True：

    if cpu利用率 > 90%:

        发送邮件("CPU报警了。")

    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:

        发送邮件("硬盘报警了。")

    if 内存占用 > 80%:

        发送邮件("内存报警了。")

上列，有参数实现

#普通参数

# ######### 定义函数 #########

# name 叫做函数func的形式参数，简称：形参

def func(name):

    print name

# ######### 执行函数 #########

#  'wupeiqi' 叫做函数func的实际参数，简称：实参

func('wupeiqi')

普通参数

#默认参数

def func(name, age = 18):

    print "%s:%s" %(name,age)

# 指定参数

func('wupeiqi', 19)

# 使用默认参数

func('alex')

注：默认参数需要放在参数列表最后

默认参数

#动态参数一

def func(*args):

    print args

# 执行方式一

func(11,33,4,4454,5)

# 执行方式二

li = [11,2,2,3,3,4,54]

func(*li)

动态参数一

#动态参数二

def func(**kwargs):

    print args

# 执行方式一

func(name＝'wupeiqi',age=18)

# 执行方式二

li = {'name':'wupeiqi', age:18, 'gender':'male'}

func(**li)

动态参数二

#动态参数三

def func(*args, **kwargs):

    print args

    print kwargs

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.utils import formataddr

msg = MIMEText('邮件内容', 'plain', 'utf-8')

msg['From'] = formataddr(["武沛齐",'[email protected]'])

msg['To'] = formataddr(["走人",'[email protected]'])

msg['Subject'] = "主题"

server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.126.com", 25)

server.login("[email protected]", "邮箱密码")

server.sendmail('[email protected]', ['[email protected]',], msg.as_string())

server.quit()

# 普通条件语句

if 1 == 1:

    name = 'wupeiqi'

else:

    name = 'alex'

# 三元运算

name = 'wupeiqi' if 1 == 1 else 'alex'

# ###################### 普通函数 ######################

# 定义函数（普通方式）

def func(arg):

    return arg + 1

# 执行函数

result = func(123)

# ###################### lambda ######################

# 定义函数（lambda表达式）

my_lambda = lambda arg : arg + 1

# 执行函数

result = my_lambda(123)

#每个元素增加100

li = [11, 22, 33]

new_list = map(lambda a: a + 100, li)

#两个列表对应元素相加

li = [11, 22, 33]

sl = [1, 2, 3]

new_list = map(lambda a, b: a + b, li, sl)

#两个列表对应元素相加

li = [11, 22, 33]

sl = [1, 2, 3]

new_list = map(lambda a, b: a + b, li, sl)

#获取列表中大于12的所有元素集合

li = [11, 22, 33]

new_list = filter(lambda arg: arg > 22, li)

#filter第一个参数为空，将获取原来序列

#获取序列所有元素的和

li = [11, 22, 33]

result = reduce(lambda arg1, arg2: arg1 + arg2, li)

# reduce的第一个参数，函数必须要有两个参数

# reduce的第二个参数，要循环的序列

# reduce的第三个参数，初始值

获取序列所有元素的和

>>> print range(10)

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> print xrange(10)

xrange(10)

#自定义生成器nrange

def nrange(num):

    temp = -1

    while True:

        temp = temp + 1

        if temp >= num:

            return

        else:

            yield temp

自定义生成器nrange

#基于next自定义生成器NReadlines

def NReadlines():

    with open('log','r') as f:

        while True:

            line = f.next()

            if line:

                yield line

            else:

                return

for i in NReadlines():

    print i

基于next自定义生成器NReadlines

#基于seek和tell自定义生成器NReadlines

def NReadlines():

    with open('log','r') as f:

        seek = 0

        while True:

            f.seek(seek)

            data = f.readline()

            if data:

                seek = f.tell()

                yield data

            else:

                return

for item in NReadlines():

    print item

基于seek和tell自定义生成器NReadlines

def wrapper(func):

    def result():

        print 'before'

        func()

        print 'after'

    return result

@wrapper

def foo():

    print 'foo'

import functools

def wrapper(func):

    @functools.wraps(func)

    def wrapper():

        print 'before'

        func()

        print 'after'

    return wrapper

@wrapper

def foo():

    print 'foo'

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf-8

def Before(request,kargs):

    print 'before'

def After(request,kargs):

    print 'after'

def Filter(before_func,after_func):

    def outer(main_func):

        def wrapper(request,kargs):

            before_result = before_func(request,kargs)

            if(before_result != None):

                return before_result;

            main_result = main_func(request,kargs)

            if(main_result != None):

                return main_result;

            after_result = after_func(request,kargs)

            if(after_result != None):

                return after_result;

        return wrapper

    return outer

@Filter(Before, After)

def Index(request,kargs):

    print 'index'

if __name__ == '__main__':

    Index(1,2)

#第一步

li = [13, 22, 6, 99, 11]

for m in range(4):     # 等价于 #for m in range(len(li)-1):

    if li[m]> li[m+1]:

        temp = li[m+1]

        li[m+1] = li[m]

        li[m] = temp

第一步

#第二步

li = [13, 22, 6, 99, 11]

for m in range(4):     # 等价于 #for m in range(len(li)-1):

    if li[m]> li[m+1]:

        temp = li[m+1]

        li[m+1] = li[m]

        li[m] = temp

for m in range(3):     # 等价于 #for m in range(len(li)-2):

    if li[m]> li[m+1]:

        temp = li[m+1]

        li[m+1] = li[m]

        li[m] = temp

for m in range(2):     # 等价于 #for m in range(len(li)-3):

    if li[m]> li[m+1]:

        temp = li[m+1]

        li[m+1] = li[m]

        li[m] = temp

for m in range(1):     # 等价于 #for m in range(len(li)-4):

    if li[m]> li[m+1]:

        temp = li[m+1]

        li[m+1] = li[m]

        li[m] = temp

print li

第二步

#第三步

li = [13, 22, 6, 99, 11]

for i in range(1,5):

    for m in range(len(li)-i):

        if li[m] > li[m+1]:

            temp = li[m+1]

            li[m+1] = li[m]

            li[m] = temp

第三步

def func(arg1,arg2):

    if arg1 == 0:

        print arg1, arg2

    arg3 = arg1 + arg2

    print arg3

    func(arg2, arg3)

func(0,1)

demo